“…Additionally, the detection performance and safety of MOF-based biosensing need to be further verified in vivo due to the complex in vivo environment, and the long-term biological toxicity of metal ion in MOF need to be further evaluated in vivo ( Chen et al, 2019 ), some biocompatible metal ions, such as Fe 2+ /Fe 3+ , Ni 3+ , Zr 4+ , Mn 2+ , Mg 2+ , Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ , or biomaterials, such as liposomal ( Dunne et al, 2019 ), bioconjugates ( Malfanti et al, 2019 ), and green synthetic routes should also be considered. The functional modification of MOFs with target ligands, such as aptamers ( Cai et al, 2018 ; He et al 2020a , 2020b ; Liu et al 2014a , 2015 ; Xiong et al, 2019 ) would endow the MOFs with more functionalities, with detection performances even better than the biosensor platforms based on graphene oxide ( Du et al, 2020 ; Liu et al, 2014b ).…”