Interfacing protective relays and relay models to power system modeling software and data files

Abstract

Absrrucr-This paper addresses two important issues: how the relay models and physical relays may be interfaced to the models of power systems capable of simulating fault waveforms and related switching equipment status; how the data tiles containing recorded waveforms and equipment contacts generated by the actual faults and subsequent fault clearing may be utilized by the relays and relaying systems. The importance of the relay evaluation issue is linked to the capability to test the relays and relaying systems using very accurate representation of a fault event. This capability has not been used at its full extent in the past, yet a variety of options exist that have different performance potentials and implementation constraints. By discussing the options and pointing out the complexity of implementations, this paper sheds some practical light enabling users to better understand the issues involved and consequently make the best choices for their specific needs.

Optimal relay performance using advanced fault diagnostic techniques

“…These various types of fault can be resolved using the fault analysis approach that takes into consideration positive sequence, negative sequence and the zero sequence [1,3]. Hence it is not difficult to envision the haracteristics of the given fault types when provided with this simplification technique.…”

“…The protective relay [1,2] is arguably the most important component in the electrical power system (EPS) in ensuring the reliability and security of system operation. Protection is especially important for transmission lines.…”

Substation fault analysis requirements

“…• An optimal fault location algorithm that uses data from substation IEDs, as well as data from SCADA PI Historian and simulation data from short circuit program is implemented [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] • A risk-based asset management methodology for maintenance scheduling is being developed taking into account condition-based data captured by substation IEDs [20][21][22][23] • An intelligent alarm processor approach is proposed to take advantage of enhanced protective relay data in explaining cause-effect relationships between alarms [24][25][26][27] • A Neural network based protective relaying scheme that enables simultaneous enhancements in dependability and security of transmission line protection is envisioned [28][29][30][31] III. AUTOMATED FAULT disturbances as well as circuit breaker operation using IED data, can offer better monitoring than SCADA • Protective relaying: new approaches based on pattern recognition and accurate fault location are more dependable and secure than distance protection • Regulatory compliance: as regulatory requirements from NERC standards are increasingly becoming more stringent, new solutions offer much more details about disturbances than ever before…”

Substation automation research frontiers

“…• An optimal fault location algorithm that uses data from substation IEDs, as well as data from SCADA PI Historian and simulation data from short circuit program is implemented [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] • A risk-based asset management methodology for maintenance scheduling is being developed taking into account condition-based data captured by substation IEDs [20][21][22][23] • An intelligent alarm processor approach is proposed to take advantage of enhanced protective relay data in explaining cause-effect relationships between alarms [24][25][26][27] • A neural network based protective relaying scheme that enables simultaneous enhancements in dependability and security of transmission line protection is envisioned [28][29][30][31] III. BENEFITS • Protective relaying: new approaches based on pattern recognition and accurate fault location are more dependable and secure than distance protection • Regulatory compliance: as regulatory requirements from NERC standards are increasingly becoming more stringent, new solutions offer much more details about disturbances than ever before IV.…”