“…While a great number of psychophysical studies have been conducted on the perception of 2D tactile patterns in the 70s and 80s (e.g., Bach-y-Rita et al, 1969; Kirman, 1973; White et al, 1970), the subject then progressively fell out of favor despite some unresolved questions and a recent increase of applied studies considering this form of coding. For example, 2D tactile patterns have lately been investigated for patient monitoring by clinicians (Barralon et al, 2009; Ferris & Sarter, 2011), driving assistance (Kim et al, 2006; Schwalk et al, 2015), military communication (e.g., Chapman et al, 2012; Jones et al, 2009; Riddle & Chapman, 2012), body–machine interfaces (Khasnobish et al, 2015), and the initial objective of sensory substitution for visually or hard of hearing people (e.g., Novich & Eagleman, 2015).…”