Interference of high-heeled shoes in static balance among young women

Effect of Heel Height and Speed on Gait, and the Relationship Among the Factors and Gait Variables

“…Double/Single support time ratio increases at high-heeled walking, and the result is consistent with the study of Chien et al The study presents that double support time increases, but single support time decreases when wearing heeled shoes (3.9, 6.3 and 7.3cm) compared to barefoot condition (Chien et al, 2013). It would be reasonable that the Double/Single support time ratio increases during high-heeled gait, since the high heels reduce static balance (Gerber et al, 2012). Also, Gefen et al (2002) reported that high-heeled shoe wearers are more vulnerable to fatigue for peroneus longus, which decreases the stability of the feet.…”

Effects of high heeled shoes wearing experience and heel height on human standing balance and functional mobility

“…The difference between the vertical projection of the COM (i.e., center of gravity, COG) and center of pressure (COP) has also been recognized as the variable that provides a good assessment of spontaneous sway during quiet standing (Winter 1995). During quiet standing, the use of 7cm HHS increases the oscillation of the COP when compared with barefoot standing (Gerber et al, 2012). During walking, the COG-COP inclination angles and their rate of changes have been used to describe the body's dynamic control (Pai and Patton 1997;Chien, Lu, and Liu 2013).…”

“…Without strong controls on other shoe parameters (shoe type, material, heel contact area, heel pattern etc), the experimental results could be biased since the effects A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t can be caused by not only the heel height but also other confounding factors (Witana et al 2009;Srivastava, Mishra, and Tewari 2012). Furthermore, very few studies (Gerber et al, 2012;Chien, Lu, and Liu 2013) have explicitly measured the changes of human balance from different heights of shoes' heels. Therefore, this study provided standardized shoes with different heel heights to examine the effect of heel height on human balance.…”

Which biomechanical models are currently used in standing posture analysis?

“…It would have been interesting to know how the trunk posture of children with backpack carriage was modified as an adaptation to load increase [76]; or of women with breast hypertrophy, who exhibit larger CoP displacements compared to normal breasted women [4]. In the analysis of the influence of wearing high heels, knowing how women compensate ankle hyperextension induced by 7 cm heels would be a valuable complementary inquiry to observation of increasing CoP displacement [36]. Finally, no actual evaluation of postural adaptations is made when linking body mass index and posture [61] or in the concomitant presence of obesity and severe knee osteoarthritis [48].…”