Interference of melanin in the susceptibility profile of Sporothrix species to amphotericin B

Mario, Débora Alves Nunes; Santos, Roberto Christ Vianna; Denardi, Laura Bedin; Vaucher, Rodrigo de Almeida; Santúrio, Jânio Morais; Alves, Sydney Hartz

doi:10.1016/j.riam.2015.03.001

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Inoculum size and incubation in a shaker may explain the difference. 6,18 Melanin is also considered a factor of fungal drug resistance 7 : we found that the melanin was gradually reduced after repeated cultured, especially the yeast phase, so we speculated that the decrease in melanin content is one of the reasons.…”

Section: Re Sultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…16,17 Some researchers believe that Sporothrix growing with its yeast phase in human tissue and performed the antifungal susceptibility testing in yeast forms. 7,14 However, many studies have reported different MICs for the mycelial and yeast forms. 18,19 In this case, susceptibility tests on both growth phases are needed.…”

Section: Re Sultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the results of different growth phase are quite different. 4,7 The Sensititre YeastOne™ method, a commercial kit, which can provide reliable, easy and consistent endpoint determination with visual read options, has already been used widely in Candida sp, Aspergillus sp and Dermatophytes, but fewer studies for Sporothrix. 8 Here, we performed susceptibility tests on both growth phases of S globosa and compared the differences between mycelial and yeast phase.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of Sporothrix globosa in Shandong, China

Bao

Pan

Wang

et al. 2020

Mycoses

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Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by Sporothrix and is globally distributed. 1 The pathogen of the disease is a dimorphic fungus, which can produce different morphological characteristics under different temperature conditions. Dimorphism is usually seen as a mould at room temperature in the natural environment, when infecting mammalian hosts, it presents a yeast-like phase, which can adapt to human body temperature. 2 As a result of basic and clinical research in genetic, ecological and biological diversities of Sporothrix sporotrichosis, a new taxonomic classification in Sporothrix is recommended: the 'clinical clade' includes S brasiliensis, S schenckii, S globosa and S luriei, and the remaining Sporothrix are nested in an 'environmental clade'. Species within 'clinical clade' varies in susceptibility, virulence and geographic distribution, and some isolates have been reported to be insensitive to itraconazole and other antifungal agents. 3-5 Identification and antifungal susceptibility testing play an increasingly important role in guiding appropriate therapeutic decision-making. But so far, there is no standard technique for most dimorphic fungi to determine their in vitro susceptibilities. 6 Yeast is the infective form of the pathogen in humans; however, most studies have used the filamentous form of

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Section: Re Sultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Re Sultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of Sporothrix globosa in Shandong, China

Bao

Pan

Wang

et al. 2020

Mycoses

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“…In Alternaria infectoria, increased melanisation was observed in the presence of itraconazole [21]. In Sporotrix schenckii sensu stricto and Sporotrix brasiliensis, melanisation protected the fungi from dying by amphotericin B [22]. In Paracoccidioides brasiliensis, the susceptibility of melanised cells to both itraconazole and amphotericin B was drastically reduced [23].…”

Section: % G L U I T Z T B F + I T Z T B F + a M B I T Z + A M B A M mentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining two antifungal agents does not enhance survival of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with Madurella mycetomatis

Eadie

Parel

Poppel

et al. 2017

Tropical Med Int Health

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Combining different classes of antifungal agents did not enhance the survival of M. mycetomatis-infected G. mellonella larvae. Instead of improving the therapeutic outcome, combining either itraconazole or terbinafine with amphotericin B resulted in significantly lower survival rates of infected larvae than amphotericin B monotherapy. This experimental study does not provide support for the use of combined amphotericin B and itraconazole, combined itraconazole and terbinafine or combined terbinafine and amphotericin B and should be confirmed in other animal models.

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“…In standards strains, S. schenckii (Ss126) was only sensitive to 3 and 4, and S. brasiliensis (Ss177) was not sensitive to any compounds tested. Although all these cited Sporothrix species were itraconazole-susceptible isolates, a difference in the profile of antifungal susceptibility was observed and probably is due to the virulence factors related to them, like melanin (Mario et al, 2016), and other factors still poorly understood. On the other hand, the itraconazoleresistant isolates recognized in S120 and S146 were sensitive to 3 and 4, but only S146 was sensitive to 1 and was inhibited to 2 and 5.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Sporothrix brasiliensis activity of different pyrazinoic acid prodrugs: a repurposing evaluation

Waller

Nakasu

Silva

et al. 2018

Braz. J. Pharm. Sci.

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From drug repurposing studies, this work aimed to evaluate the activity of different pyrazinoic acid (POA) derivatives against Sporothrix brasiliensis. The POA esters were prepared and characterized as previously reported by classical esterification reactions, with good to excellent yields. Sporothrix brasiliensis isolates from cats (n=6) and standard strains of S. brasiliensis and S. schenckii were used to assess the antifungal activity of the POA derivatives through broth microdilution assay (CLSI M38-A2). Among the tested compounds, molecules 3 and 4 showed fungistatic and fungicidal activities against all Sporothrix spp. strains, and the obtained MIC and MFC values ranged from 2.12 to 4.24 mg/mL and from 1.29 to 5.15 mg/mL, respectively. Compound 2 and 5 were active as in vitro inhibitors of fungal growth, but showed weak fungicidal activity, while molecules 1 and POA itself were inactive. The results suggest the activity of POA derivatives against Sporothrix spp. may be dependent on the lipophilicity. In addition, the antifungal susceptibility of the isolates to itraconazole was performed, showing that two Sporothrix isolates from cats were itraconazole-resistant. Compounds 3 and 4 were also active against these itraconazole-resistant isolates, indicating a possible alternative route to the standard mode of action of itraconazole.

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Interference of melanin in the susceptibility profile of Sporothrix species to amphotericin B

Cited by 26 publications

References 35 publications

Susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of Sporothrix globosa in Shandong, China

Susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of Sporothrix globosa in Shandong, China

Combining two antifungal agents does not enhance survival of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with Madurella mycetomatis

Anti-Sporothrix brasiliensis activity of different pyrazinoic acid prodrugs: a repurposing evaluation

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