Interference of molecular spectra due to alkali halides in nonflame atomic absorption spectrometry

Culver, Bruce R.; Surles, Terry

doi:10.1021/ac60356a037

Cited by 64 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…20 Besides, since these salts are the major components of urine, the influences of increasing amounts of NaCl, CaCl 2 and MgCl 2 on the signal of cadmium without any modifier are showed in Fig. 2.…”

Section: Influence Of Inorganic Salts On Absorbance Of Cadmiummentioning

confidence: 96%

Effectiveness of Palladium–Sodium Azide Modifier for the Direct Determination of Urinary Cadmium by Graphite-Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Saraçoğlu

Elçi

1999

ANAL. SCI.

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Since the toxic effects of cadmium and its compounds are well known, the monitoring of this metal in body fluids is of substantial importance. The level of cadmium in urine is an important indicator of human exposure to this metal.Graphite-furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) has been widely used for the direct determination of Cd in urine, owing to its high sensitivity, speed and minimal contamination risks. However, the direct determination of Cd by GFAAS is not easy. Most of the difficulties can be explained by the combination of the matrix urine with a relatively high inorganic salt concentration and analyte, cadmium, that has a relatively high volatility. It can be concluded from recent studies that the most promising technique is to use matrix modifiers for volatilizing Cd at a temperature that leave inorganic salts in the graphite tube. Until now, several matrix modifiers, such as ammonium phosphates, ammonium nitrate and sulfate, magnesium nitrate, nitric acid, sodium hydroxide and palladium salts, have been used in the determination of Cd in various matrices by GFAAS.1-10 Among these modifiers, palladium, which was first reported by Shan and Ni 11 , has experienced increasing interest for the determination of volatile elements by GFAAS. 7-13 Recent studies have indicated that the stability effect of palladium for volatile elements is concerned with its metallic form.9,13-16 Therefore, palladium as a modifier is commonly used under reducing conditions. Palladium has been used with several reducing agents together, such as hydrazine, hydroxyl ammin hydrochloride and ascorbic acid. To the best of our knowledge, hitherto, palladium has not been combined with sodium azide as a reducing agent.The aim of present work was to experimentally evaluate the applicability of palladium combined with sodium azide for the determination of cadmium in urine. Experimental ApparatusA Hitachi (Model Z-8000) atomic absorption spectrometer with a Zeeman-effect background corrector equipped with a Hitachi Model graphite furnace atomizer (part No. 180-7400, uncoated tubes) was used through this work. The peak area (integrated absorbance) and peak height were automatically printed out and displayed using a Hitachi data processor. However, the peak-area absorbances were used to evaluate cadmium and the background absorbances. For cadmium, a hollow cathode lamp wavelength was set up 228.8 nm and a slit width to 0.7 nm. Argon served as a sheath gas at a flow rate of 200 ml min -1 . The absorbance of the atomization was measured without argon gas flow.Samples of 10 µl during the study were injected into the furnace using Eppendorf microliter pipettes with disposable polypropylene tips. The mass of the injected cadmium in the linear range of the calibration curve was 40 pg for optimization and comparison studies. Reagents and solutionAll reagents were from E. Merck and of pro analysis grade. A stock solution of cadmium (200 mg A combination of palladium and sodium azide is proposed as a mixed modifier for cadmium determinat...

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Section: Influence Of Inorganic Salts On Absorbance Of Cadmiummentioning

confidence: 96%

Effectiveness of Palladium–Sodium Azide Modifier for the Direct Determination of Urinary Cadmium by Graphite-Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Saraçoğlu

Elçi

1999

ANAL. SCI.

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“…The primary interference encountered in the flameless technique is nonatomic background absorption, attributable to molecular absorption and/or light scattering. These interferences and corrective procedures have been discussed in a previous publication (3).…”

Section: Literature Citedmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Control Fed., 44,911 (1972). (3) Tyckman, D. W., Irvin, F. W., Young, R. H. F., "Trace Organics in Surface Waters," ibid., 39, 458 (1967). (4) Garrison, A. W., Keith, L. H., Walker, .…”

Section: Literature Citedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative atomic absorption spectroscopic study of trace metals in lake water

Surles¹,

Tuschall²,

Collins³

1975

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…High molecular spectral interferences in a carbon rod were already reported by Fry and Denton 9 and Culver and Surles. 10 When Cd and Pb are determined in food and biological samples, previously these samples are usually decomposed with acids (mainly HNO 3 and/or HCl) and oxidizing agents (mainly H 2 O 2 ) and the residual carbon content is low. 11 On the other hand, the concentrations of Ca, K, Mg and Na are usually high (g L À1 range), they are in the form of chlorides or nitrates, and the contributions of these undissociated species can be observed in the background signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevant information of concomitants obtained from background signal using thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (TS-FF-AAS) and chemometric tools

Miranda¹,

Bueno

Pereira-Filho³

2009

J. Anal. At. Spectrom.

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This study reports the use of background signals and multivariate calibration as a procedure to assess total concentration of concomitants in thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (TS-FF-AAS). TS-FF-AAS employs a metal tube atomizer above an air/acetylene flame and the atoms residence time is longer than that observed in FAAS (flame AAS). As a result, elevated background signals are obtained. The main purpose of this study is to make use of the background signals to predict the total concentration of concomitants. Background signals of 29 solutions containing Cd (25 mg L À1 ), Pb (500 mg L À1 ) and four concomitants (Ca, K, Mg and Na-total concentration values ranging from 0 to 5.52 g L À1 ) were recorded at two wavelengths: 228.8 nm for Cd and 283.3 nm for Pb. With the help of partial least squares, calibration models using either each wavelength alone or a combination of both were constructed to predict the total concentrations of concomitants. The best model showed root mean square error of validation (RMSEV) of 0.35 g L À1 using background signals at 283.3 nm. A pharmaceutical sample containing 3 g L À1 of the total concentration of Ca, K, Mg and Na was analyzed and 3% was the relative error. This sample and those used in the calibration/validation sets were also analyzed using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and a good agreement was observed. This study extends the possibilities for the use of background signals in spectrometric techniques.

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Interference of molecular spectra due to alkali halides in nonflame atomic absorption spectrometry

Cited by 64 publications

References 3 publications

Effectiveness of Palladium–Sodium Azide Modifier for the Direct Determination of Urinary Cadmium by Graphite-Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Effectiveness of Palladium–Sodium Azide Modifier for the Direct Determination of Urinary Cadmium by Graphite-Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry

Comparative atomic absorption spectroscopic study of trace metals in lake water

Relevant information of concomitants obtained from background signal using thermospray flame furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (TS-FF-AAS) and chemometric tools

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