Interference of volunteer corn on soybean cultivars growth and yield

Abstract

Article AbstractSpontaneous corn plants in soybean crop are considered weeds because they compete for the same environmental resources. The objective of this study was to evaluate the competitive ability of soybean cultivars when in coexistence with spontaneous corn plants.A field experiment was conducted in CCGLTEC, Cruz Alta/RS, in 2014/15, in a split-plot design, with the main plot being composed of four different cultivars (CD 2694, BMX 7166, TEC 5718, TEC 6029) and the subplots of interference conditions (without the presence of corn volunteer plants, in the presence of corn until the V 3 , V 6 , V 9 stages, or for the entire soybean cycle. Leaf area, shoot dry mass, plant height, chlorophyll index, and development stage were determined at 15, 30, and 49 DAE; we also determined apparent biological productivity, apparent harvest index, and components of productivity and grain yield. The cultivars showed losses in leaf area and shoot dry mass when in coexistence with corn (8 plants m-2) in the three periods evaluated. All cultivars showed losses in apparent biological productivity, apparent harvest index, and final grain yield when growing under competition throughout the cycle. Cultivars with a medium/long growth cycle, such as CD 2694 (maturity groups (GM): 6.9) and BMX 7166 (GM: 6.6), show a higher competitive ability up to V 9 stage in contrast to cultivars with a short cycle, such as TEC 5718 (GM: 5.9) and TEC 6029 (GM: 5.7).

Enlist volunteer corn affects the crop development and seed quality of Enlist soybean

“…However, lower control obtained by haloxyfop-P-methyl, pinoxaden, and cloransulam-methyl herbicides increased the corn-soybean interference effects and reduced the INP and BNP strongly, with values 18 and 55% lower than Enlist TM soybean without Enlist TM volunteer corn (Table 2). The corn-soybean competition due to inadequate control affects reproductive structures' development, with values up to 80% lower depending on the soybean cultivar used (Caratti et al 2018). These results show the importance of ensuring highest levels of control of Enlist TM volunteer corn, reducing the interference, and protecting the grain yield potential.…”

“…Additionally, PH of Enlist TM soybean was 10% higher after exposure to cloransulam-methyl, imazethapyr, and clethodim herbicides than control (weed-free), demonstrating the need for adequate management to avoid the adverse effects of corn-soybean competition. The coexistence of glyphosate-tolerant volunteer corn in competition with soybean increased 16% the PH, especially on varieties with short growth cycle and control performed later (Caratti et al 2018). Morphological and physiological changes due to the neighbor's competition can occur between species in response to the light perception and its effects on antioxidant machinery, affecting the architecture of the canopy and photosynthetic efficacy (Benemann et al 2020).…”

“…However, the SW of Enlist TM soybean without volunteer corn was 6% lower than control with volunteer Enlist TM corn or treated with haloxyfop-P-methyl (Table 2). Several results have reported substantial pods reduction in soybean under stressors agents like weed competition (Caratti et al 2018;Piasecki and Rizzardi, 2018). An unfortunate outcome of control can favor the weed development, affecting the crop plant growth and reducing the available resources to photoassimilates production (Baucom 2019).…”

Pre-emergence control and interference of voluntary maize plants on a soybean crop in Brazilian Cerrado

“…Some studies have demonstrated high maize interference capacity in soybean crops (Marquardt, Krupke, & Johnson, 2012;Caratti et al, 2019), although little information is available for the Cerrado biome in Brazil. Moreover, most competition assessments link only the density of voluntary maize plants to interference potential in soybean crops, and do not evaluate possible additional maize damage from maize plant positioning in relation to soybean crop rows.…”