Interferon status and white blood cells during infection with African swine fever virus in vivo

Karalyan, Zaven; Zakaryan, Hovakim; Sargsyan, Kh.; Voskanyan, H.; Arzumanyan, Hranush H.; Avagyan, Hranush; Каралова, Е М

doi:10.1016/j.vetimm.2011.12.013

Cited by 45 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…The reduction of TNF-␣ levels in sera corresponds with a number of ASFV-infected macrophages in their blood that was lower than that found in control pigs, perfectly fitting with previous observations associating the presence of TNF-␣ with the amount of infected cells and the tissue damage present (49)(50)(51)(52). Conversely, the concomitant detection of IFN-␣ at late times postinfection with E75CV1 in SPF control pigs contrasts with results recently described using a virulent Caucasian ASFV strain (53). A potential explanation for these divergent results might come from genomic differences existing between these two ASFV isolates affecting specific genes as well as between the numbers of ORFs present in their genomes (54).…”

Section: Fig 4 Kinetics Of the Detection Of Ifn-␣ (A) And Tnf-␣ (B) Isupporting

confidence: 88%

Expression Library Immunization Can Confer Protection against Lethal Challenge with African Swine Fever Virus

Lacasta

Ballester

Monteagudo

et al. 2014

J Virol

110

112

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African swine fever is one of the most devastating pig diseases, against which there is no vaccine available. Recent work from our laboratory has demonstrated the protective potential of DNA vaccines encoding three African swine fever viral antigens (p54, p30, and the hemagglutinin extracellular domain) fused to ubiquitin. Partial protection was afforded in the absence of detectable antibodies prior to virus challenge, and survival correlated with the presence of a large number of hemagglutinin-specific CD8 IMPORTANCEAfrican swine fever is a highly contagious disease of domestic and wild pigs that is endemic in many sub-Saharan countries, where it causes important economic losses and is currently in continuous expansion across Europe. Unfortunately, there is no treatment nor an available vaccine. Early attempts using attenuated vaccines demonstrated their potential to protect pigs against experimental infection. However, their use in the field remains controversial due to safety issues. Although inactive and subunit vaccines did not confer solid protection against experimental ASFV infection, our DNA vaccination results have generated new expectations, confirming the key role of T-cell responses in protection and the existence of multiple ASFV antigens with protective potential, more of which are currently being identified. Thus, the future might bring complex and safe formulations containing more than a single viral determinant to obtain broadly protective vaccines. We believe that obtaining the optimal vaccine formulation it is just a matter of time, investment, and willingness.

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Section: Fig 4 Kinetics Of the Detection Of Ifn-␣ (A) And Tnf-␣ (B) Isupporting

confidence: 88%

Expression Library Immunization Can Confer Protection against Lethal Challenge with African Swine Fever Virus

Lacasta

Ballester

Monteagudo

et al. 2014

J Virol

110

112

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“…Such ineffectiveness of IFNγ for inhibiting ASFV replication has been previously suggested in pigs experimentally infected with a highly virulent isolate, where high increases of IFNγ quantified by ELISA were detected just before death (Karalyan et al., 2012). Elevated IFN-γ levels have been associated with specific immune responses; however, the data presented here suggested that IFN-γ levels in serum at the last stages of ASFV might be the result of an adverse pathological condition without protection functions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Different routes and doses influence protection in pigs immunised with the naturally attenuated African swine fever virus isolate OURT88/3

et al. 2017

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This study compares different combinations of doses and routes of immunisation of pigs with low virulent African swine fever virus (ASFV) genotype I isolate OURT88/3, including the intramuscular and intranasal route, the latter not previously tested. Intranasal immunisations with low and moderate doses (103 and 104 TCID50) of OURT88/3 provided complete protection (100%) against challenge with virulent genotype I OURT88/1 isolate. Only mild and transient clinical reactions were observed in protected pigs. Transient moderate virus genome levels were detected in blood samples after challenge that decreased, but persisted until the end of the experiment in some animals. In contrast, pigs immunised intramuscularly with low and moderate doses (103 and 104 TCID50) displayed lower percentages of protection (50–66%), and low or undetectable levels of virus genome were detected in blood samples throughout the study. In addition, clinical courses observed in protected pigs were asymptomatic. In pigs that were not protected and developed acute ASF, an exacerbated increase of IL-10 sometimes accompanied by an increase of IFNγ was observed before euthanasia. These results showed that factors including delivery route and dose determine the outcome of immunisation with the naturally attenuated isolate OURT88/3.

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“…We observed that the infection of healthy pigs with ASFV led to profound changes in blood composition [20]. Particularly, the number of white blood cells significantly decreased from 3 dpi, coinciding with lymphopenia caused by apoptosis of lymphocytes and necrosis of lymphoid tissues [15-18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathology of porcine peripheral white blood cells during infection with African swine fever virus

et al. 2012

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BackgroundAfrican swine fever virus (ASFV) is the causative agent of African swine fever (ASF) that is the significant disease of domestic pigs. Several studies showed that ASFV can influence on porcine blood cells in vitro. Thus, we asked ourselves whether ASFV infection results in changes in porcine blood cells in vivo. A series of experiments were performed in order to investigate the effects of ASFV infection on porcine peripheral white blood cells. Nine pigs were inoculated by intramuscular injection with 104 50% hemadsorbing doses of virus (genotype II) distributed in Armenia and Georgia. The total number of fifteen cell types was calculated during experimental infection.ResultsAlthough band-to-segmented neutrophils ratio became much higher (3.5) in infected pigs than in control group (0.3), marked neutropenia and lymphopenia were detected from 2 to 3 days post-infection. In addition to band neutrophils, the high number of other immature white blood cells, such as metamyelocytes, was observed during the course of infection. From the beginning of infection, atypical lymphocytes, with altered nuclear shape, arose and became 15% of total cells in the final phase of infection. Image scanning cytometry revealed hyperdiploid DNA content in atypical lymphocytes only from 5 days post-infection, indicating that DNA synthesis in pathological lymphocytes occurred in the later stages of infection.ConclusionFrom this study, it can be concluded that ASFV infection leads to serious changes in composition of white blood cells. Particularly, acute ASFV infection in vivo is accompanied with the emergence of immature cells and atypical lymphocytes in the host blood. The mechanisms underlying atypical cell formation remain to be elucidated.

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Interferon status and white blood cells during infection with African swine fever virus in vivo

Cited by 45 publications

References 17 publications

Expression Library Immunization Can Confer Protection against Lethal Challenge with African Swine Fever Virus

Expression Library Immunization Can Confer Protection against Lethal Challenge with African Swine Fever Virus

Different routes and doses influence protection in pigs immunised with the naturally attenuated African swine fever virus isolate OURT88/3

Pathology of porcine peripheral white blood cells during infection with African swine fever virus

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