Interferon therapy for COVID-19 and emerging infections: Prospects and concerns

Calabrese, Leonard H.; Lenfant, Tiphaine; Calabrese, Cassandra

doi:10.3949/ccjm.87a.ccc066

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Finally, stage 3 involves the cytokine storm, characterized by hyper coagulability, multiorgan dysfunction and shock. 14 Patients with COVID-19 show altered clotting cascades, as reflected by moderate to severe thrombocytopenia (<50 Â 10 9 platelets/L), increased D-dimer levels, prolonged prothrombin and partial thromboplastin times, and decreased fibrinogen (<1.0 g/L). Deterioration of these parameters over time, especially elevated D-dimer levels (>0.5 mg/L fibrinogen equivalent units), is indicative of severe disease.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Virus-host Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nexus between COVID-19 and periodontal disease

Sukumar

Tadepalli

2021

J Int Med Res

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Over the past several decades, studies have demonstrated the existence of bi-directional relationships between periodontal disease and systemic conditions. Periodontitis is a polymicrobial and multifactorial disease involving both host and environmental factors. Tissue destruction is primarily associated with hyperresponsiveness of the host resulting in release of inflammatory mediators. Pro-inflammatory cytokines play a major role in bacterial stimulation and tissue destruction. In addition, these cytokines are thought to underlie the associations between periodontitis and systemic conditions. Current research suggests that increased release of cytokines from host cells, referred to as the cytokine storm, is associated with disease progression in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). An intersection between periodontitis and pulmonary disease is biologically plausible. Hence, we reviewed the evidence linking COVID-19, cytokines, and periodontal disease. Plaque control is essential to prevent exchange of bacteria between the mouth and the lungs, reducing the risk of lung disease. Understanding these associations may help identify individuals at high risk and deliver appropriate care at early stages.

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Section: Sars-cov-2 Virus-host Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, stage 3 involves the cytokine storm, characterized by hyper coagulability, multiorgan dysfunction and shock. 14…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Virus-host Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nexus between COVID-19 and periodontal disease

Sukumar

Tadepalli

2021

J Int Med Res

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“…So far, several clinical trials have been registered for different formulations of interferons type I (α-2b, β-1a, β-1b) and type III (λ) [ 84 ]. In one study, administration of a nebulized interferon α-2b resulted in more rapid viral clearance from the upper respiratory tract and reduction in systemic inflammation [ 85 ]. In another study, for severe COVID-19, interferon β-1a (in addition to hydroxychloroquine plus lopinavir–ritonavir or atazanavir–ritonavir) resulted in higher Day 14 discharge rate and lower Day 28 mortality rate compared to control group who did not receive interferon β-1a [ 86 ].…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Inclusive Review on SARS-CoV-2 Biology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Potential Management Options

et al. 2021

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A novel coronavirus member was reported in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, at the end of the year 2019. Initially, the infection spread locally, affecting the Wuhan people, and then expanded rapidly throughout the world. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) proclaimed it a global pandemic. The virus is a new strain most closely related to a bat coronavirus (RaTG13) which was not previously discovered in humans and is now formally known as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the disease syndrome that the SARS-CoV-2 virus triggers. It is suggested that SARS-CoV-2 can be transmitted through aerosols, direct/indirect contact, and also during medical procedures and specimen handling. The infection is characterized by isolated flu-like symptoms, but there may be specific signs of fever, fatigue, cough, and shortness of breath, as well as the loss of smell and breathing difficulty. Within this report, we tried to review the most current scientific literature published by January 2021 on various aspects of the outbreak, including virus structure, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, epidemiology, diagnostic approaches, potential therapeutics and vaccines, and prospects. We hope this article makes a beneficial impact on public education to better deal with the SARS-CoV-2 crisis and push a step forward in the near term towards its prevention and control.

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“…In the absence of virus-reactive central memory lymphocytes or effective neutralizing antibodies, many humans are defenseless against the viral replication and spread, and subsequent life-threatening complications, as revealed in our tangible experience of the recent coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) [4] . With that being said, studies have shown that the factor that imparts an overwhelming risk for severe COVID-19 cases might be inadequate interferon responses [5] , [6] ; though, the results of systemic administration of interferons for such patients were controversial [7] , [8] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%