Interferon therapy in hepatitis C leading to chronic type 1 diabetes

Zornitzki, Taiba; Malnick, Stephen; Lysyy, Lyudmila; Knobler, Hilla

doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i1.233

Cited by 43 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…This long-term treatment with IFN-α increases the risk of developing T1DM by 10-fold to 18-fold 72–74 . Onset of T1DM is abrupt and irreversible for most patients (98%), indicating a rapid and complete loss of β cells.…”

Section: Autoimmunity and β-Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral infections in type 1 diabetes mellitus — why the β cells?

2016

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is caused by progressive autoimmune-mediated loss of pancreatic β-cell mass via apoptosis. The onset of T1DM depends on environmental factors that interact with predisposing genes to induce an autoimmune assault against β cells. Epidemiological, clinical and pathology studies in humans support viral infection -particularly by enteroviruses (for example, coxsackievirus) -as an environmental trigger for the development of T1DM. Many candidate genes for T1DM, such as MDA5, PTPN2 and TYK2, regulate antiviral responses in both β cells and the immune system. Cellular permissiveness to viral infection is modulated by innate antiviral responses that vary among different tissues or cell types. Some data indicate that pancreatic islet α cells trigger a more efficient antiviral response to infection with diabetogenic viruses than do β cells, and so are able to eradicate viral infections without undergoing apoptosis. This difference could account for the varying ability of islet-cell subtypes to clear viral infections and explain why chronically infected pancreatic β cells, but not α cells, are targeted by an autoimmune response and killed during the development of T1DM. These issues and attempts to target viral infection as a preventive therapy for T1DM are discussed in the present Review.Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) arises when the pancreatic β cells undergo long-term autoimmune attack, killing the majority of the β-cell population while the neighbouring α cells and δ cells are spared 1 . Destruction of the β cells manifests as a failure to produce insulin; consequently, patients with T1DM remain insulin-dependent for their lifespan.In most cases, T1DM is characterized by pancreatic islet inflammation (insulitis) and progressive β-cell loss by apoptosis 1,2 . Histological analysis has demonstrated the presence of increased β-cell apoptosis among both patients with new-onset T1DM and those with

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Section: Autoimmunity and β-Cell Deathmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral infections in type 1 diabetes mellitus — why the β cells?

2016

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“…Glucocorticoid-related hyperglycemia can also be observed during the treatment of autoimmune hepatopathy. Interferon therapy, somatostatin and its analog octreotide (used in the treatment of active variceal hemorrhage) may also cause hyperglycemia [25,26]. Finally, infections can induce hyperglycemia by increasing the secretion of catecholamines, glucagon and cortisol [27].…”

Section: Hyponatremia Due To Liver Disease-associated Diabetes Mellitusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyponatremia in patients with liver diseases: not just a cirrhosis-induced hemodynamic compromise

et al. 2016

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Hyponatremia (Na(+) <135 mmol/l) is the most common electrolyte disorder. Cirrhosis represents a rather frequent cause of hyponatremia mainly due to systemic and splanchnic vasodilation resulting in decreased effective arterial blood volume, which leads to excessive non-osmotic secretion of antidiuretic hormone. However, hyponatremia of multifactorial origin may be seen in patients with liver diseases. The review focuses on the factors and pathogenetic mechanisms of decreased sodium levels other than the hemodynamic compromise of cirrhosis in patients with liver diseases. The mechanisms and causal or contributing role of pseudohyponatremia, hyperglycemia, infections, drugs and toxins as well as of endocrine disorders, renal failure and cardiac disease in patients with liver disease are meticulously discussed. Hyponatremia of multifactorial origin is frequently observed in patients with liver diseases, and special efforts should be made to delineate the underlying causative and precipitating factors as well as the risk factors of the osmotic demyelination syndrome in order to properly manage this serious electrolyte disorder and avoid treatment pitfalls.

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“…In addition, many of the current antiviral medicines cause adverse side effects and may lead to the progress of other diseases than the initial treatment. They also may weaken or enhance their actual activity due to interaction with a variety of drugs(3536). Viral hepatitis treatment face with big drawbacks and many treatment methods have been moderately effective(37).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oligonucleotide aptamers: potential novel molecules against viral hepatitis

et al. 2017

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Viral hepatitis, as an international public health concern, seriously affects communities and health system. In recent years, great strides have been taken for development of new potential tools against viral hepatitis. Among these efforts, a valuable strategy introduced new molecules called “aptamers”. Aptamers as potential alternatives for antibodies could be directed against any protein in infected cells and any components of viral particles. In this review, we will focus on recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of viral hepatitis based on aptamer technology. In recent years, various types of aptamers including RNA and DNA were introduced against viral hepatitis. Some of these aptamers can be utilized for early and precise diagnosis of hepatitis infections and other group selected as therapeutic tools against viral targets. Designing diagnostic and therapeutic platforms based on aptamer technology is a promising approach in viral infections. The obtained aptamers in the recent years showed obvious potential for use as diagnostic and therapeutic tools against viral hepatitis. Although some modifications to increase the biostability and half-life of aptamers are underway, it seems these molecules will be a favorable substitute for monoclonal antibody in near future.

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Interferon therapy in hepatitis C leading to chronic type 1 diabetes

Abstract: INF-associated T1DM in HCV has a fulminant course, often associated with other autoimmune diseases, and results almost inevitably in permanent insulin therapy requirement.

Cited by 43 publications

References 55 publications

Viral infections in type 1 diabetes mellitus — why the β cells?

Viral infections in type 1 diabetes mellitus — why the β cells?

Hyponatremia in patients with liver diseases: not just a cirrhosis-induced hemodynamic compromise

Oligonucleotide aptamers: potential novel molecules against viral hepatitis

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