Intergenerational co-residence during later life in Europe and China

Emery, Tom; Dykstra, Pearl A.; Djundeva, Maja

doi:10.1177/2057150x19838031

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…This would be derived from a mechanism whereby the younger population most susceptible to initial infection [37] transmit to the elder population through such contact. In Hong Kong, multi-generational residence is common [38], where around 50% of those aged 65 and over live with their adult children [39] -much higher than in Italy (or, indeed, any other setting in Europe or North America characterized by high transmission rates) [40]. The extremely high population density of Hong Kong coupled with short distances and highly efficient transport systems means that there is a high degree of residential proximity as well regular contact between older parents and their children.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the young demographic profile of COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong: Evidence from migration and travel history data

Cruz

Ganly

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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This paper investigates the profile of COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong, highlighting the unique age structure of confirmed cases compared to other territories. While the majority of cases in most territories around the world have fitted an older age profile, our analysis shows that positive cases in Hong Kong have been concentrated among younger age groups, with the largest incidence of cases reported in the 15-24 age group. This is despite the population's rapidly aging structure and extremely high levels of population density. Using detailed case data from Hong Kong's Centre for Health Department and Immigration Department, we analyze the sex and age distribution of the confirmed cases along with their recent travel histories and immigration flows for the period January to April 2020. Our analysis highlights Hong Kong's high proportion of imported cases and large overseas student population in developing COVID-19 hotspot areas such as the United Kingdom. Combined with community action and targeted and aggressive early policy measures taken to contain the virus, these factors may have contributed to the uniquely younger age structure of COVID-19 cases in the city. Consequently, this young profile of confirmed cases may have prevented fatalities in the territory. Recent research has highlighted the importance of a demographic approach to understanding COVID-19 transmission and fatality rates. The experience in Hong Kong shows that while an older population age structure may be important for understanding COVID-19 fatality, it is not a given. From a social science perspective at least, there is 'no easy answer' to why one area should experience COVID-19 differently from another.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the young demographic profile of COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong: Evidence from migration and travel history data

Cruz

Ganly

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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“…First, future research could investigate the effect of policy environments, “safety net” programs, and costs of nursing home access as they may influence intergenerational co‐residence and attitudes (Chen, 2017; Orsini, 2010). Second, information on immigrant status is limited due to the years questions were asked in the GSS, but future research could further investigate how country of origin, generational status, and potentially differing normative prescriptions may influence co‐residence attitudes (Emery et al, 2019). Third, co‐residential decisions and attitudes may depend on circumstances around the decision, including which child's home, the adult child's relationship to parent (e.g., whether it is a biological, adoptive, or step parent/child relationship), and parental need (Coleman & Ganong, 2008; Seltzer et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Co‐residence beliefs 1973–2018: Older adults feel differently than younger adults

Patterson

Reyes

2022

J of Marriage and Family

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Objective This brief study examines support for co‐residence (i.e., aging parents living with their adult children), and how age predicts support for this belief considering the rapidly aging US population. Background Co‐residence, a form of intergenerational transfer between family members, can help facilitate care for aging parents as well as help older adults age in the community. Support for this type of co‐residence was on the rise in the 1970s and 1980s. Method Support for co‐residence of older adults living with their adult children is estimated using 36,843 responses from the U.S. General Social Survey from 1973 to 2018. Descriptive analyses, logistic regression, and decomposition analyzes are used to test explanatory factors in trends, focusing on differences for older (age 65 and older) versus younger (under 65) respondents. Results Older adults are less supportive than younger adults of co‐residence even as support has generally increased across time. Decomposition results show that a little over half of the difference between younger and older adults is explained by cohort replacement, with two‐fifths of the difference unexplained by social or demographic factors. Conclusion Findings suggest that although cohort replacement has contributed to an attitude shift over time, important age differences in attitudes remain. Older adults are less supportive of co‐residence than younger adults.

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“…Chinese family norms, like other Asian societies, attach substantial importance to paternal lineage [46]. Paternal grandparents are more likely to provide grandchild care and other services to their adult sons [47,48].…”

Section: Linked Livesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Grandparental childcare and second births in China

Zhang

Emery

2023

PLoS ONE

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China has low birth rates at higher parities and intensive grandparental childcare. Despite this, there has been little empirical research into the role of intergenerational support in the transition to second birth. This study examines whether grandparental childcare increases the likelihood and speed of a transition to second birth in the context of relaxations in Chinese family planning policy and whether this differs for working and non-working mothers. Using data from the China Family Panel Studies (2010–2016), the association between grandparental childcare, mother’s working status and second childbirth are explored using split-population survival models to distinguish between the impact on the timing of fertility and ultimate parity progression. The odds of having a second child are four times higher for those who use grandparental childcare than those that don’t. Amongst those who have a second child, grandparental childcare leads to 30% lower odds of transition to second birth than those without grandparental care, each month. Grandparental childcare is also associated with maternal employment, which is itself associated with a sharp decrease in the transition to second birth. At the micro-level, grandparental childcare helps mothers continue working, which in turn defers a second birth. The results emphasise the importance of work-life balance strategies, such as grandparental care, in enabling women of childbearing age to realize their fertility intentions in combination with work.

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Intergenerational co-residence during later life in Europe and China

Cited by 5 publications

References 56 publications

Exploring the young demographic profile of COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong: Evidence from migration and travel history data

Exploring the young demographic profile of COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong: Evidence from migration and travel history data

Co‐residence beliefs 1973–2018: Older adults feel differently than younger adults

Grandparental childcare and second births in China

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