Intergenerational cultural conflicts in norms of parental warmth among Chinese American immigrants

Wu, Chunxia; Chao, Ruth Chu‐Lien

doi:10.1080/01650250500147444

Cited by 47 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Cross-cultural research suggested that emotional expressiveness is more restricted among collectivistic cultures (Chen, Zhou, Main, & Lee, 2014; Matsumoto et al 2008; Tao, Zhou, Lau, & Liu, 2013), and Asian parents generally do not express affection and warmth directly (Wu & Chao, 2005). Rather, Asian parents typically express their affection and love indirectly through instrumental support and sacrifice (Chao & Kaeochinda, 2010; Chao & Tsang, 2002; Fuligni & Yoshikawa, 2003).…”

Section: Cross-cultural Measurement Of Parental Warmthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement invariance testing of a three-factor model of parental warmth, psychological control, and knowledge across European and Asian/Pacific Islander American youth.

Luk¹,

King²,

McCarty³

et al. 2016

Asian American Journal of Psychology

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While the interpretation and effects of parenting on developmental outcomes may be different across European and Asian/Pacific Islander (API) American youth, measurement invariance of parenting constructs has rarely been examined. Utilizing multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis, we examined whether the latent structure of parenting measures are equivalent or different across European and API American youth. Perceived parental warmth, psychological control, and knowledge were reported by a community sample of 325 adolescents (242 Europeans and 83 APIs). Results indicated that one item did not load on mother psychological control for API American youth. After removing this item, we found metric invariance for all parenting dimensions, providing support for cross-cultural consistency in the interpretation of parenting items. Scalar invariance was found for father parenting, whereas three mother parenting items were non-invariant across groups at the scalar level. After taking into account several minor forms of measurement non-invariance, non-invariant factor means suggested that API Americans perceived lower parental warmth and knowledge but higher parental psychological control than European Americans. Overall, the degree of measurement non-invariance was not extensive and was primarily driven by a few parenting items. All but one parenting item included in this study may be used for future studies across European and API American youth.

show abstract

Section: Cross-cultural Measurement Of Parental Warmthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement invariance testing of a three-factor model of parental warmth, psychological control, and knowledge across European and Asian/Pacific Islander American youth.

Luk¹,

King²,

McCarty³

et al. 2016

Asian American Journal of Psychology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Research shows that Korean American and Chinese American parents tend to be less physically and emotionally expressive with their children (Chao & Tseng, 2002;Kim, 1997;Wu & Chao, 2005). Instead of expressing affection openly through words or physical affection, AA parents, compared to White European parents for example, tend to demonstrate their love and affection to their children through their instrumental support and sacrifice for their children (Chao & Tseng, 2002;Uba, 1994).…”

Section: Ecological Model Of Asian American Adolescent-parent Relatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead of expressing affection openly through words or physical affection, AA parents, compared to White European parents for example, tend to demonstrate their love and affection to their children through their instrumental support and sacrifice for their children (Chao & Tseng, 2002;Uba, 1994). However, these parenting practices may be misinterpreted by AA youth as lacking parental warmth due to their exposure to, and adoption of, mainstream American parenting practices which are usually characterized by direct and open expression of parental love and affection (Pyke, 2000;Wu & Chao, 2005).…”

Section: Ecological Model Of Asian American Adolescent-parent Relatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such disagreements with parents may be experienced differently among AA adolescents, and generational differences may be perceived as deviant cultural conflicts, thus creating more distress. For example, a study (Wu & Chao, 2005) that examined AA adolescents' and European American adolescents' perception of ideal and experienced parental warmth revealed a difference between them in terms of how they interpreted their experience with their parents. Specifically, for AA adolescents, perceived gap between their ideals and perceptions of parental behaviors signified a cultural deviance, whereas their European Americans counterparts perceived the discrepancies as a normative generational gap with their parents, thus may not be as stressful as the cultural "deviance".…”

Section: Macrosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Similarly, the ways that parents express their parental affection are shaped by culture (Uba, 1994;Wu & Chao, 2005), which in turn may shape AA parenting practices. Research shows that Korean American and Chinese American parents tend to be less physically and emotionally expressive with their children (Chao & Tseng, 2002;Kim, 1997;Wu & Chao, 2005).…”

Section: Ecological Model Of Asian American Adolescent-parent Relatiomentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploring Adolescent-parent Relationships in Asian American Immigrant Families: An Ecological Perspective

Kang¹,

Lazarevic²

2013

Child Studies in Diverse Contexts

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Building and using a social network: Nurture for low-income Chinese American adolescents' learning

Holloway

Bempechat

et al. 2008

New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development

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Little research has examined how low-income Asian American children are supported to achieve well in school. The authors used the notion of social capital to study higher versus lower achieving Chinese adolescents from low-income backgrounds. They found that families of higher-achieving adolescents built and used more effectively three kinds of social networks in lieu of direct parental involvement: (a) designating a helper in and outside the home for the child, (b) identifying peer models for the child to emulate, and (c) involving extended kin to guide the child jointly. These forms of social capital reflect Chinese cultural values applied to the challenges of immigrant adaptation.

show abstract

Intergenerational cultural conflicts in norms of parental warmth among Chinese American immigrants

Cited by 47 publications

References 12 publications

Measurement invariance testing of a three-factor model of parental warmth, psychological control, and knowledge across European and Asian/Pacific Islander American youth.

Measurement invariance testing of a three-factor model of parental warmth, psychological control, and knowledge across European and Asian/Pacific Islander American youth.

Exploring Adolescent-parent Relationships in Asian American Immigrant Families: An Ecological Perspective

Building and using a social network: Nurture for low-income Chinese American adolescents' learning

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