Intergenerational Mobility and the Timing of Parental Income

Carneiro, Pedro; García, Italo López; Salvanes, Kjell G.; Tominey, Emma

doi:10.1086/712443

Cited by 60 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Parental background could moderate the impact of mental health problems on later socioeconomic outcomes through possibilities to support, invest and offer opportunities during the childhood and youth. For example, in Norway and Denmark adult outcomes of children are found to be higher when parental income flow is balanced over childhood, and higher parental income is an advantage especially in the early and late periods of childhood (Carneiro et al 2020;Lesner 2018). Lower resources might affect skill formation, networks and decision making of the adolescent (Lesner 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health problems in youth and later receipt of social assistance: do parental resources matter?

Haula

Vaalavuo

2021

Journal of Youth Studies

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In this article, we study the association between mental health problems in adolescence and early adulthood and later receipt of social assistance in the capital region of Finland. Using register data and following a cohort of adolescents to their early adulthood, we also examine whether the strength of this association varies according to household income during adolescence. We find that mental health problems from the ages of 16-17 and thereafter were associated with the receipt of social assistance at age 24, and more strongly among those with lower household income during their adolescence. Importantly, the same disorder groups emerged as the most important ones in predicting the use of social assistance across income quintiles. In this sense, we find similarity regardless of parental resources. This evidence is important for better understanding the mechanisms between circumstances during adolescence and later socioeconomic outcomes, including benefit use, yet the underlying factors should be studied further.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental health problems in youth and later receipt of social assistance: do parental resources matter?

Haula

Vaalavuo

2021

Journal of Youth Studies

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“…Hvidberg et al (2022) argue that one's position within the income distribution can shape views on the fairness of inequalities in society. Carneiro et al (2021) show that children whose parents have relatively high income in early-childhood and low income in middle-childhood fare better in terms of later education and income than children whose parents exhibit the opposite income profile. In this regard, our paper suggests a way to measure the 3 Murphy and Weinhardt (2020) and Pagani et al (2021) actually use grades obtained at end-of-year national exams rather than standardized test grades.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Rather First in a Village than Second in Rome? The Effect of Students' Class Rank in Primary School on Subsequent Academic Achievements

Ladant¹,

Sestito²,

Bargagli-Stoffi³

2023

Preprint

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Is it better to be first in a village than second in Rome, as Caesar claimed? Peer groups can impact later outcomes through two distinct yet related channels: the group's intrinsic quality and one's relative position within this group. The Italian public school setting is an advantageous quasi-laboratory to investigate this question. Using panel data on Italian students over 2013-2019, we compare the effect of a student's relative position in their peer group (class rank) to the effect of class quality in primary school on later academic outcomes. We design a new strategy to identify the rank effect by leveraging two sets of scores: grades on a national standardized test and grades on class exams. Standardized test grades are used to control for ability, alongside student fixed effects. Class grades are used to construct the class rank. We exploit the variation in rank coming from differences in teachers' grading pattern and offer evidence that our measure of rank is as good as random, once we control for our proxies for ability. We find that ranking at the top of the class compared to the bottom in primary school is associated with a gain of 8.1 percentiles in the national standardized grade distribution in middle school and 7.6 in high school. We further show that Caesar was misguided: the effect of a one standard deviation increase in rank amounts to 20% of the effect of a similar increase in class quality, conditional on the rank. Finally, using an extensive student survey, we establish that the rank effect is mediated through student sorting into better high schools and higher interest in academic subjects, self-esteem, peer recognition, and career prospects.

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“…4 However, as we discuss in more detail in appendix B, by the late 1930s a 3 Earlier US-based work (e.g., Solon 1992;Mazumder 2005) relied on relatively small samples, making it impossible to document differences in mobility rates at the local level. A recent body of work uses larger samples of families in the Nordic countries (e.g., Black, Devereux, and Salvanes 2005;Meghir and Palme 2005;Aakvik, Salvanes, and Mazumder 2010;Lundborg, Nilsson, and Rooth 2014;Carneiro et al 2021). Most of this work focuses on family-specific shocks or on national school reforms.…”

Section: A Historical Settingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Intergenerational Transmission of Human Capital: Evidence from the Golden Age of Upward Mobility

Card

Domnisoru

Taylor

2022

Journal of Labor Economics

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School quality affects upward mobility in educational attainment. This conclusion comes from an analysis of families with coresident teenage children in the 1940 census. We study parents in the bottom quartile of the education distribution and define "upward mobility" as a generational move up the educational ladder to the top three quartiles of the child's cohort. At the state level, upward mobility is strongly tied to teacher wages. This relationship holds when we narrow our focus to families on adjacent sides of state borders in the South, where state minimum salary laws created sharp teacher-wage differences between otherwise similar counties.

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Intergenerational Mobility and the Timing of Parental Income

Cited by 60 publications

References 29 publications

Mental health problems in youth and later receipt of social assistance: do parental resources matter?

Mental health problems in youth and later receipt of social assistance: do parental resources matter?

Rather First in a Village than Second in Rome? The Effect of Students' Class Rank in Primary School on Subsequent Academic Achievements

The Intergenerational Transmission of Human Capital: Evidence from the Golden Age of Upward Mobility

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