Intergroup dissimilarity predicts physiological synchrony and affiliation in intergroup interaction

Danyluck, Chad; Page‐Gould, Elizabeth

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2017.08.001

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…For example, Genthner et al ( 1975 ) found that highly prejudiced White participants behaved more aggressively toward a Black confederate when they were told that their attitudes were highly similar compared to dissimilar to the confederate. Likewise, in contexts when racism is openly endorsed by authorities (Crandall et al, 2018 ), even manipulations of interpersonal similarity may be associated with intergroup processes, backfire, and decrease affiliative actions such as attending to the eyes of outgroups (Danyluck & Page-Gould, 2018 , 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The distinction between interpersonal (between two individuals) similarity and intergroup (between two groups) similarity, however, is sometimes blurred in this theorizing (Dovidio et al, 2000 ). Recent research indicates that intergroup similarity has a complex and inconsistent relationship with liking and positive outcomes for the outgroup (Brown & Abrams, 1986 ; Brown & Lopez, 2001 ; Danyluck & Page-Gould, 2018 , 2019 ; Diehl, 1988 ; Roccas & Schwartz, 1993 ). Interpersonal similarity, alternatively, as proposed by the original contact theory and as suggested by our results, has the potential to reduce bias between members of distinct social categories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One reason for the powerful effects of perceived similarity in an intergroup context is that people may expect to share few similarities with members of outgroups (Danyluck & Page-Gould, 2018 ; Mallett et al, 2008 ; Vorauer & Sakamoto, 2006 ; Vorauer et al, 1998 ; West et al, 2014a , 2014b ). Perceiving outgroup members as different and distinct from the self is a critical component of intergroup relations (Allport, 1954 ).…”

Section: Impact Of Similarity On Attention To the Eyes Of Same-race And Other-race Facesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of perceived interpersonal similarity on attention to the eyes of same-race and other-race faces

et al. 2021

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One reason for the persistence of racial discrimination may be anticipated dissimilarity with racial outgroup members that prevent meaningful interactions. In the present research, we investigated whether perceived similarity would impact the processing of same-race and other-race faces. Specifically, in two experiments, we varied the extent to which White participants were ostensibly similar to targets via bogus feedback on a personality test. With an eye tracker, we measured the effect of this manipulation on attention to the eyes, a critical region for person perception and face memory. In Experiment 1, we monitored the impact of perceived interpersonal similarity on White participants’ attention to the eyes of same-race White targets. In Experiment 2, we replicated this procedure, but White participants were presented with either same-race White targets or other-race Black targets in a between-subjects design. The pattern of results in both experiments indicated a positive linear effect of similarity—greater perceived similarity between participants and targets predicted more attention to the eyes of White and Black faces. The implications of these findings related to top-down effects of perceived similarity for our understanding of basic processes in face perception, as well as intergroup relations, are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of Similarity On Attention To the Eyes Of Same-race And Other-race Facesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of perceived interpersonal similarity on attention to the eyes of same-race and other-race faces

et al. 2021

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“…Maintaining close friendships is 1 We use the term linkage to refer to the level of covariation between two people in their moment-to-moment emotional responses (i.e., physiology or behavior). Other work refers to similar phenomenacovariation of emotional responses either between or within peopleas response coherence (Mauss et al, 2005), response system coherence (Ekman, 1992), organization of response components (Frijda, Ortony, Sonnemans, & Clore, 1992;Scherer, 1984;Witherington, Campos, & Hertenstein, 2001), response component syndromes (Averill, 1980;Reisenzein, 2000), concordance (Nesse et al, 1985;Wilhelm & Roth, 2001), organization of response tendencies (Lazarus, 1991;Levenson, 1994), synchrony (Danyluck & Page-Gould, 2018), and coregulation (Butler & Randall, 2013;Timmons et al, 2015). critical to psychological and physical health (Holt-Lunstad, Robles, & Sbarra, 2017) rendering the examination of these aims within the context of friendships particularly vital.…”

Section: The Present Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“I feel you”: Greater linkage between friends’ physiological responses and emotional experience is associated with greater empathic accuracy

Zerwas

Springstein

Karnilowicz

et al. 2021

Biological Psychology

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How do people come to know others' feelings? One idea is that affective processes (e.g., physiological responses) play an important role, leading to the prediction that linkage between one's physiological responses and others' emotions relates to one's ability to know how others feel (i.e., empathic accuracy). Participants (N = 96, 48 female friend pairs) completed a stressful speech task and then provided continuous ratings of their own (as "targets") and their friend's (as "perceivers") emotional experience for the video-taped speeches. We measured physiology-physiology linkage (linkage between perceivers' and targets' physiology), physiology-experience linkage (linkage between perceivers' physiology and targets' experience), and empathic accuracy (linkage between perceivers' ratings of targets' experience and targets' ratings of their experience). Physiology-experience (but not physiology-physiology) linkage was associated with greater empathic accuracy even when controlling for key potential confounds (random linkage, targets' and perceivers' emotional reactivity, and relationship closeness). Results suggest that physiological responses play a role in empathic accuracy.

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“…While every study cannot explicitly prove whether observed physiological synchrony is the result of an interpersonal process, efforts to rule out alternative explanations (e.g., two people processing the same stimulus in parallel, genetic inheritance of stress reactivity profiles) will be invaluable for understanding the conditions under which true, interpersonal physiological synchrony is observed. It is also possible to experimentally manipulate behavioral synchrony and examine resulting changes in physiological synchrony, as has been done with unfamiliar adult pairs (Danyluck & Page-Gould, 2018; Hove & Risen, 2009; Hu et al, 2017; Szymanski, Müller, Brick, von Oertzen, & Lindenberger, 2017). In addition, while a discussion of diurnal physiological synchrony was outside the scope of this review, diurnal synchrony may be uniquely useful to understanding dyadic coregulation processes, especially for systems that operate over longer timescales and have systematic diurnal patterns (e.g., HPA activity; Pratt et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A systematic review of caregiver–child physiological synchrony across systems: Associations with behavior and child functioning

DePasquale

2020

Dev Psychopathol

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Extensive research has established a positive association between caregiver-child behavioral synchrony and child developmental functioning. Burgeoning research examining physiological synchrony has yet to elucidate its impact for children’s developing self-regulation. The objectives of this systematic review were to: 1) determine whether there is evidence that caregiver-child physiological synchrony promotes positive child development, 2) examine developmental differences in physiological synchrony and its correlates, and 3) explore whether context, risk, and/or stress influence patterns of synchrony. Sixty-nine studies met the following criteria on PubMed and PsycINFO: 1) peer-reviewed empirical articles in English that 2) examine autonomic, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical, and/or central nervous system activity 3) for caregivers and children 4) in response to a task and 5) directly examine the association between caregiver and child physiology. Findings varied based on developmental period and current behavioral context. Functional differences may exist across physiological systems and contexts. Synchrony may have different developmental consequences for dyads with and without certain risk factors. Few studies examine physiological synchrony across multiple systems or contexts, nor do they measure child characteristics associated with synchrony. Statistical and methodological challenges impede interpretation. Findings generally support the idea that physiological synchrony may support children’s developing self-regulation. Longitudinal research is needed to examine child developmental outcomes over time.

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Intergroup dissimilarity predicts physiological synchrony and affiliation in intergroup interaction

Cited by 24 publications

References 67 publications

Impact of perceived interpersonal similarity on attention to the eyes of same-race and other-race faces

Impact of perceived interpersonal similarity on attention to the eyes of same-race and other-race faces

“I feel you”: Greater linkage between friends’ physiological responses and emotional experience is associated with greater empathic accuracy

A systematic review of caregiver–child physiological synchrony across systems: Associations with behavior and child functioning

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