“…[18][19][20][21][22] In this regard, there are various reports available on different coupled metal oxides, such as SnO 2 -ZnO, TiO 2 -WO 3 , CZTS-TiO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 / Bi 5 O 7 NO 3 , ZnO-SnO 2 and TiO 2 -SnO 2 . [23][24][25][26][27][28] Recently, heterovalent tin oxide (Sn 3 O 4 ) with various nanomorphs, including nanosheets, nanoowers, nanobelts, nanolayers, etc., has been used as a potential catalyst due to its narrow band gap and chemical stability. [29][30][31][32] The photocatalytic performance of pristine Sn 3 O 4 is believed to be due to the variable oxidation state of Sn: i.e.…”