Interhemispheric Synchronization of Oscillatory Neuronal Responses in Cat Visual Cortex

Engel, Andreas K.; König, Peter; Kreiter, Andreas K.; Singer, Wolf

doi:10.1126/science.252.5009.1177

Cited by 865 publications

(500 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…These workers suggest, on the basis of observed loss of interhemispheric synchrony after cutting the corpus callosum, that longrange synchrony is mediated by axonal conduction between the synchronous areas of cortex (Engel et al, 1991a(Engel et al, ,b, 2001). Simulations have found that zero-lag synchrony can be established by this means provided the axonal conduction time between the synchronous regions of cortex does not exceed one third of the cycle time of the oscillation (König and Schillen, 1991).…”

Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Generation Of Global Synchronymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most authors have concentrated on a single frequency band, usually gamma. For example, early work using multiunit recording in cat visual cortex (Engel et al, 1991a) demonstrated the existence of interhemispheric synchronization in the gamma range. This suggested the influential hypothesis that synchrony of firing between widely separated areas of cortex may be the answer to the binding problem, producing ''dynamic representation of objects by assemblies of synchronously oscillating cells" (Engel et al, 1991b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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EEG synchrony during a perceptual-cognitive task: Widespread phase synchrony at all frequencies

Pockett

Bold

Freeman

2009

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Section: Possible Mechanisms Of Generation Of Global Synchronymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EEG synchrony during a perceptual-cognitive task: Widespread phase synchrony at all frequencies

Pockett

Bold

Freeman

2009

Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…Gamma oscillations are a characteristic feature of network activity in 'desynchronized' cortical areas involved in processing of incoming sensory information in the awake state or during REM sleep (Singer and Gray, 1995;Maloney et al, 1997). Gamma oscillations have also been observed in vivo in the hippocampus and the entorhinal cortex of rats (Stumpf, 1965;Buzsáki et al, 1983;Chrobak and Buzsáki, 1998a;Bragin et al, 1995a), the amygdala, the entorhinal and perirhinal cortices and the neocortex of cats (Boeijinga and Lopes da Silva, 1988;Gray et al, 1989;Engel et al, 1991;Collins et al, 2001), the neocortex of the monkeys (Kreiter and Singer, 1996) and in the human neocortex (Llinás and Ribary, 1993;Uchida et al, 2001). Gamma oscillations are also induced by various pharmacological manipulations in vitro Buhl et al, 1998;Fisahn et al, 1998).…”

Section: Slow (<1 Hz) Rhythms-mirceamentioning

confidence: 99%

Interaction between neocortical and hippocampal networks via slow oscillations

Sirota

Buzsáki

2005

THL

234

219

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Both the thalamocortical and limbic systems generate a variety of brain state-dependent rhythms but the relationship between the oscillatory families is not well understood. Transfer of information across structures can be controlled by the offset oscillations. We suggest that slow oscillation of the neocortex, which was discovered by Mircea Steriade, temporally coordinates the self-organized oscillations in the neocortex, entorhinal cortex, subiculum and hippocampus. Transient coupling between rhythms can guide bidirectional information transfer among these structures and might serve to consolidate memory traces.

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“…The cells that are synchronized can be quite distant from one another (even in different hemispheres 58 ), and there is no other documentation of long-range synchronous activity 59 .…”

Section: Time and Bindingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Binding, spatial attention and perceptual awareness

2003

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The world is experienced as a unified whole, but sensory systems do not deliver it to the brain in this way. Signals from different sensory modalities are initially registered in separate brain areas -even within a modality, features of the sensory mosaic such as colour, size, shape and motion are fragmented and registered in specialized areas of the cortex. How does this information become bound together in experience? Findings from the study of abnormal binding -for example, after stroke -and unusual binding -as in synaesthesia -might help us to understand the cognitive and neural mechanisms that contribute to solving this 'binding problem'.Different areas of the cortex receive sensory information through different receptors (for example, the eyes, ears or touch receptors), showing that different areas of the cortex respond to different features of the sensory mosaic. Investigations of multimodal integration have a long history, but a particularly interesting binding problem arose when reliable evidence began to emerge that, within the brain, different areas are specialized for encoding different features of the visual modality, such as colour, shape, size and motion in vision 1 . Electrophysiological recordings from monkey cortices showed that visual neurons in different areas responded with different strengths to different features 2 . This specialization has received support from functional imaging studies in humans 3 . Moreover, this evidence is consistent with more than a hundred years of neuropsychological reports that lesions in different areas of the human brain can result in relatively isolated deficits in visual processing -for example, ACHROMATOPSIA or visual NEGLECT 4,5 . This modular organization of the brain led to the question of how features that are registered separately are reunited to produce our unified experience of the world 6,7 . Some researchers have argued that this type of 'binding problem' is not a problem at all 8,9 , but recent evidence has shown that it can become a real problem in everyday life when certain areas of the brain are no longer functioning 10 .In this review, I will discuss evidence -from both normal perceivers and neurological patients -that binding features within vision is a problem in humans, and is not just a theoretical construct. I will then describe the role that spatial attention is believed to have in this type of binding, emphasizing the spatial functions of the parietal lobes 11 . Finally, I will explore how binding might change if two or more specialized FEATURE MAPS were to merge. This final issue has been approached within a cognitive neuroscience perspective by testing shape/colour synaesthetes -otherwise normal individuals who perceive internally generated colours (induced by particular visual shapes) as if they were being received by sensory receptors (so that the colours are perceived as 'out there') 12 . For instance, the letter A might induce a certain shade of blue. It has been hypothesized that synaesthesia results from developmentally a...

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Interhemispheric Synchronization of Oscillatory Neuronal Responses in Cat Visual Cortex

Cited by 865 publications

References 11 publications

EEG synchrony during a perceptual-cognitive task: Widespread phase synchrony at all frequencies

EEG synchrony during a perceptual-cognitive task: Widespread phase synchrony at all frequencies

Interaction between neocortical and hippocampal networks via slow oscillations

Binding, spatial attention and perceptual awareness

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