Interindividual Responses of Appetite to Acute Exercise

Goltz, Fernanda R.; Thackray, Alice E.; King, James A.; Dorling, James L.; Atkinson, Greg; Stensel, David J.

doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001504

Cited by 39 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Furthermore, using the "gold standard" replicated crossover study design (Atkinson and Batterham, 2015;Senn, 2016), we have demonstrated recently the presence of true interindividual heterogeneity in appetite perceptions and circulating concentrations of acylated ghrelin, total PYY, insulin and glucose in response to a standardised meal, over and above any random within-subject variability and measurement error (Goltz et al 2019). Similar findings were also observed in acylated ghrelin, total PYY and perceived appetite responses to replicated single bouts of aerobic exercise (Goltz et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Interestingly, no statistically significant associations between fasting or postprandial perceived overall appetite and acylated ghrelin or total PYY were identified. Even though circulating concentrations of acylated ghrelin and PYY vary on a mealto-meal basis, concomitantly with perceived appetite, the magnitude and direction of the changes in hormone concentrations are not always mirrored by changes in perceived appetite (Goltz et al 2018). In contrast, postprandial overall appetite AUC was positively associated with postprandial insulin AUC in women, which is consistent with previous findings showing that postprandial insulin concentrations are positively associated with postprandial satiety and negatively associated with postprandial hunger (Flint et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exploration of associations between the FTO rs9939609 genotype, fasting and postprandial appetite-related hormones and perceived appetite in healthy men and women

et al. 2019

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Background: The fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) rs9939609 A-allele has been associated with obesity risk. Although the exact mechanisms involved remain unknown, the FTO rs9939609 A-allele has been associated with an impaired postprandial suppression of appetite. Objectives: To explore the influence of FTO rs9939609 genotype on fasting and postprandial appetite-related hormones and perceived appetite in a heterogeneous sample of men and women. Design: 112 healthy men and women aged 18-50-years-old completed three laboratory visits for the assessment of FTO rs9939609 genotype, body composition, aerobic fitness, resting metabolic rate, visceral adipose tissue, liver fat, fasting leptin, and fasting and postprandial acylated ghrelin, total PYY, insulin, glucose and perceived appetite. Participants wore accelerometers for seven consecutive days for the assessment of physical activity and sedentary behaviour. Multivariable general linear models quantified differences between FTO rs9939609 groups for fasting and postprandial appetite outcomes, with and without the addition of a priori selected physiological and behavioural covariates. Sex-specific univariable Pearson's correlation coefficients were quantified between the appetite-related outcomes and individual characteristics. Results: 95% confidence intervals for mean differences between FTO rs9939609 groups overlapped zero in unadjusted and adjusted general linear models for all fasting (P≥0.28) and postprandial (P≥0.19) appetite-related outcomes. Eta 2 values for explained variance attributable to FTO rs9939609 were <5% for all outcomes. An exploratory correlation matrix indicated that associations between fasting and postprandial acylated ghrelin, total PYY and general or abdominal adiposity were also small (r =-0.23 to 0.15, P≥0.09). Fasting leptin, glucose and insulin and postprandial insulin concentrations were associated with adiposity outcomes (r = 0.29 to 0.81, P≤0.033). Conclusions: Associations between the FTO rs9939609 genotype and fasting or postprandial appetite-related outcomes were weak in healthy men and women.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploration of associations between the FTO rs9939609 genotype, fasting and postprandial appetite-related hormones and perceived appetite in healthy men and women

et al. 2019

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“…As a result, we utilized a purely statistical procedure to calculate the smallest worthwhile difference in its place. While this procedure has been recommended as an alternative and successfully used elsewhere, it remains possible that a true MCID would differ from the number we generated, thus altering the interpretation of our results. Additionally, other parameters for evaluating glucose tolerance and glycemic control, such as fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, or area under the curve of the OGTT, were not included in this analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ability of exercise to meaningfully improve glucose tolerance in people living with prediabetes: A meta‐analysis

Hrubeniuk

B̀ouchard

Goulet

et al. 2019

Scandinavian Med Sci Sports

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Background: Individuals with prediabetes are likely to progress to Type 2 diabetes.Although exercise training is an established method to improve glycemic control, the degree to which this translates into meaningful improvements, particularly in individuals with prediabetes, is unclear. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the ability of exercise training to improve 2-hour glucose tolerance beyond the smallest worthwhile difference in individuals with prediabetes. It was hypothesized that the majority of implemented exercise programs designed for individuals with prediabetes would not result in meaningful improvements in glucose tolerance. Methods: Searches were performed in MEDLINE, The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, SPORTDiscus, and the Cochrane Library.Included studies reported glucose tolerance using a 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test at baseline and post-intervention; implemented an exercise program lasting at least 12 weeks; and included adults living with prediabetes. Mean effect summaries were determined using random-effects models. Magnitude-based inference statistic was used to estimate the likelihood that observed changes in glucose tolerance were meaningful to patients. Results: Nine articles were included in the meta-analysis, producing 12 independent exercise interventions. The interventions led to an average improvement in glucose tolerance of 5.9% (95% confidence interval: 3.7%-8.0%). Seven (58%) exercise interventions were deemed likely to benefit patients, whereas five (42%) had trivial or unclear findings. Conclusion: While exercise intervention led to statistically significant improvements in 2-hour glucose tolerance, the benefit for individuals living with prediabetes remains unclear. Further research is needed to delineate optimal prescription parameters for generating meaningful benefits in glucose tolerance. K E Y W O R D Sdiabetes, diabetes mellitus, exercise, glycemic control, physical activity, prediabetes 210 | HRUBENIUK Et al. SUPPORTING INFORMATIONAdditional supporting information may be found online in the Supporting Information section.How to cite this article: Hrubeniuk TJ, Bouchard DR, Goulet EDB, Gurd B, Sénéchal M. The ability of exercise to meaningfully improve glucose tolerance in people living with prediabetes: A meta-analysis. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2020;30:209-216. https ://doi.

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“…Naturally, the blood glucose lowering response to exercise training in T2DM may not only exhibit inter-individual variability but also intra-individual variability of the measurement if the intervention was repeated within an individual. Consequently, the optimal approach for quantifying inter-individual variability in repeated-measures studies is to use a randomized replicated crossover design where the control (no training) and treatment (training) conditions are administered to each participant at least twice ( Senn et al, 2011 ; Hecksteden et al, 2015 ; Atkinson et al, 2018 ; Goltz et al, 2018 ) ( Figure 2 ). This design would allow accurate interpretation of a significant patient-by-treatment interaction, thereby revealing the true individual differences in response to exercise.…”

Section: How Should We Quantify Inter-individual Variability and Thermentioning

confidence: 99%

Sources of Inter-individual Variability in the Therapeutic Response of Blood Glucose Control to Exercise in Type 2 Diabetes: Going Beyond Exercise Dose

Solomon

2018

Front. Physiol.

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In the context of type 2 diabetes, inter-individual variability in the therapeutic response of blood glucose control to exercise exists to the extent that some individuals, occasionally referred to as “non-responders,” may not experience therapeutic benefit to their blood glucose control. This narrative review examines the evidence and, more importantly, identifies the sources of such inter-individual variability. In doing so, this review highlights that no randomized controlled trial of exercise has yet prospectively measured inter-individual variability in blood glucose control in individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes. Of the identified sources of inter-individual variability, neither has a prospective randomized controlled trial yet quantified the impact of exercise dose, exercise frequency, exercise type, behavioral/environmental barriers, exercise-meal timing, or anti-hyperglycemic drugs on changes in blood glucose control, in individuals with prediabetes or type 2 diabetes. In addition, there is also an urgent need for prospective trials to identify molecular or physiological predictors of inter-individual variability in the changes in blood glucose control following exercise. Therefore, the narrative identifies critical science gaps that must be filled if exercise scientists are to succeed in optimizing health care policy recommendations for type 2 diabetes, so that the therapeutic benefit of exercise may be maximized for all individuals with, or at risk of, diabetes.

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Interindividual Responses of Appetite to Acute Exercise

Cited by 39 publications

References 41 publications

Exploration of associations between the FTO rs9939609 genotype, fasting and postprandial appetite-related hormones and perceived appetite in healthy men and women

Exploration of associations between the FTO rs9939609 genotype, fasting and postprandial appetite-related hormones and perceived appetite in healthy men and women

The ability of exercise to meaningfully improve glucose tolerance in people living with prediabetes: A meta‐analysis

Sources of Inter-individual Variability in the Therapeutic Response of Blood Glucose Control to Exercise in Type 2 Diabetes: Going Beyond Exercise Dose

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