Abstract. Prediction of environmental effects on fibre reinforced plastics habitually is made difficult due to the complex variability of the natural service environment. This paper suggests a method to predict thermal strain distribution over the material lifetime by discretisation of the exposure history. Laboratory results show a high correlation between predicted and experimentally measured strain distribution
IntroductionDue to the need for energy efficient materials, there has been a considerable increase of interest in light and green materials such as fibre reinforced plastics (FRP) in the aerospace industry. However, environmental effects have shown to be a hindrance to extensive use of FRP. A reliable method to quantify and predict environmental effects on FRP is required for safe and efficient use of these materials.Stresses resulting from environmental factors such as cycling temperature and humidity have been recognised as one of the most deleterious effect on FRP materials [1]. Hygrothermal stresses are known to be the cause for crack initiation and cause the material to become brittle or to deform [2,3]. They can approach or exceed the design load and acceptable material limits [4].A number of works on the modelling of environmental stress effect on FRP material have been reported [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. These reports deal mostly with the characterisation of the effect of temperature and humidity on the stress state of composite laminates. In this regard, models and computation algorithms of various performance levels have been made available. However, most of the time complication results from the material heterogeneity and the complex variability of the environment. In addition, only the effect of the physical degradation is taken into account explicitly, while the material undergoes a chemical degradation also.This analysis focuses on the determination of environmental stresses without involving the resulting modification on the stress state of the material. Attention is on the prediction of a long-term effect, comprehensively taking into account the physical and the chemical degradation, as well as the viscoelastic, time-dependent effect. In the present paper, the thermal strain history is predicted based on the knowledge of temperature exposure. In a subsequent paper, strains will be used to compute stresses taking into account the time dependent relaxation and environmental degradation.For the purpose of this paper, only a one-dimensional problem in plate laminate is considered. This is because it is demonstrated experimentally that the degradation of the mechanical strength of materials used in aviation varies in a layered way after exposure to a natural environment [13]. The degradation process can be considered as a progressing damaged front that moves from the outer