Interledger for the Industrial Internet of Things

Nikander, Pekka; Autiosalo, Juuso; Paavolainen, Santeri

doi:10.1109/indin41052.2019.8972167

Cited by 13 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A DLT can have public, consortium, or private implementations. Distributed ledgers (DLT implementations) can also be interconnected with interledger solutions [18], allowing the creation of additional middleware ledgers that provide faster update cycles with lower confidence. These solutions support noncritical, mid-latency applications, as "slow" ledgers with high confidence provide a root of trust, whereas lower confidence may have to be accepted for temporally critical applications.…”

Section: Data Origin and Integritymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Digital Metrology for the Internet of Things

Mustapää

Autiosalo

Nikander

et al. 2020

2020 Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS)

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Internet of Things (IoT) device data enables diverse applications. However, the quality of data are non-standardized and difficult to quantify. While poor quality data may be usable, establishing error bounds supports IoT's use in critical applications. National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) have long tradition in making measurement data trustworthy, and they are now working to digitalize these practices. This paper forwards that agenda by presenting a Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) based concept to leverage digital metrology for IoT data and devices. Digital Calibration Certificates (DCCs) offer a solution for describing, certifying, authenticating, and securing IoT data quality. With DCCs, measurement device (sensor) calibration information may be included as metadata alongside samples captured by a device. Metadata may include device identification, which serves as proof-of-origin for measurements and samples, and timing data, to ensure its "freshness." DCCs enhance communicating the quality of captured information among devices, services, and applications, thereby supporting IoT's use in domains with strict error constraints. Our proposed concept securely validates DCC-based (meta)data traceability chain from NMIs and devices to data end-users with cryptographic measures, rendering IoT data trustworthy for critical applications.

show abstract

Section: Data Origin and Integritymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In other cases, it may be beneficial to use multiple ledgers simultaneously, e.g. unique notebooks for different labs or for triggering actions on specific events, such as when a measured value drifts outside its allowed ranges [18].…”

Section: Data Origin and Integritymentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Metrology for the Internet of Things

Mustapää

Autiosalo

Nikander

et al. 2020

2020 Global Internet of Things Summit (GIoTS)

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…any off-site or industrial applications in particular. If interaction with public blockchains is required, we would recommend to look into ledger-to-ledger bridging approaches [39], or employ a trusted third party to attest and pin down the blockchain state [34]. For other light clients we see at ≥ 12 the time for 1-inject success under somewhat "reasonable but powerful adversary" assumptions is several hundred block intervals or more.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Security Properties of Light Clients on the Ethereum Blockchain

Paavolainen

Carr

2020

IEEE Access

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ethereum is a decentralized blockchain, known as being the second most popular public blockchain after Bitcoin. Since Ethereum is decentralised the canonical state is determined by the Ethereum network participants via a consensus mechanism without a centralized coordinator. The network participants are required to evaluate every transaction starting from the genesis block, which requires a large amount of network, computing, and storage resources. This is impractical for many devices with either limited computing resources or intermittent network connectivity. To overcome this drawback Ethereum defines a light client protocol where the light client fetches the blockchain state from a node operating as a light protocol server. Light clients are unable to maintain blockchain state internally, and as a consequence can only perform partial validation on blocks. Thus they rely on the light server for full block validation and to provide the updated blockchain state. Light clients connect to multiple light servers to mitigate the risk of relying on a single potentially dishonest server. Ethereum light clients are known to suffer from a probabilistic security model, but they are widely assumed to be secure under normal operating conditions. In fact, the implicit security assumptions of light clients have not been formally characterised in the literature. We present and analyse the probabilistic security guarantees under three different adversarial scenarios. The results show that for any adversary that is able to manipulate the network, the security assurances provided by the light protocol are severely impacted, and in some cases entirely lost. These results clearly demonstrate that the assumption of normal operating conditions is insufficient to justify the security assumptions of light clients. Our work also provides insight to the security of light clients under different security parameters, allowing light client implementers to more accurately understand the potential security trade-offs.

show abstract

“…The lack of interconnected data and shared meaning is another limitation for most DLT-based IIoT data platforms [50,51]. Most sensor data sources, including wearable devices, are characterized by a high degree of heterogeneity, and the implementation of their provided interfaces is highly dependent on the underlying device hardware [52].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Data Handling in Industry 4.0: Interoperability Based on Distributed Ledger Technology

Sun

Zheng

Villalba-Díez

et al. 2020

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Information-intensive transformation is vital to realize the Industry 4.0 paradigm, where processes, systems, and people are in a connected environment. Current factories must combine different sources of knowledge with different technological layers. Taking into account data interconnection and information transparency, it is necessary to enhance the existing frameworks. This paper proposes an extension to an existing framework, which enables access to knowledge about the different data sources available, including data from operators. To develop the interoperability principle, a specific proposal to provide a (public and encrypted) data management solution to ensure information transparency is presented, which enables semantic data treatment and provides an appropriate context to allow data fusion. This proposal is designed also considering the Privacy by Design option. As a proof of application case, an implementation was carried out regarding the logistics of the delivery of industrial components in the construction sector, where different stakeholders may benefit from shared knowledge under the proposed architecture.

show abstract

Interledger for the Industrial Internet of Things

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Digital Metrology for the Internet of Things

Digital Metrology for the Internet of Things

Security Properties of Light Clients on the Ethereum Blockchain

Data Handling in Industry 4.0: Interoperability Based on Distributed Ledger Technology

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About