Interleukin-1 activates a novel p54 MAP Kinase Kinase in rabbit liver

Signal transduction pathways activated by the IL-1 receptor family: ancient signaling machinery in mammals, insects, and plants

“…There are currently three isoforms of this enzyme. Most notably, the JNK1 isoform is the only MAP kinase activity so far detected in tissues from IL-1-treated rabbits [42]. Its upstream regulator in response to IL-1 is MKK7, the activity of which is increased both in vivo and in vitro [43].…”

“…So far, only TNF and IL-1 have been shown to activate TIP kinase. Of the kinases shown, only MKK7 and JNK1 have been shown to be activated in vivo [42,43]. which glucosylates and thereby inactivates Ras, Rac, and Rap [51].…”