Interleukin 1 regulates synthesis of amyloid beta-protein precursor mRNA in human endothelial cells.

Goldgaber, Dmitry; Harris, Henry; Hla, Timothy; Maciag, Thomas; Donnelly, Robert; Jacobsen, J. Steven; Vitek, Michael P.; Gajdusek, D. C.

doi:10.1073/pnas.86.19.7606

Cited by 510 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…AP-1 has been proposed as a master switch for the expression of several genes. Postischemic increase in AP-1 binding activity may underline one of the molecular mechanisms allowing the surviving neurons to adapt to the degenerative processes after ischemic brain injury [65][66][67]. In summary, our studies demonstrate the feasibility of an in vivo antisense strategy to suppress the postischemic expression of an immediate early gene.…”

mentioning

confidence: 57%

Suppression of ischemia‐induced fos expression and AP‐1 activity by an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to c‐fos mRNA

Liu

Salminen

et al. 1994

Annals of Neurology

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Activation of c-fos, an immediate early gene, and the subsequent expression of the Fos protein have been noted following focal cerebral ischemia. Fos and Jun form a heterodimer as activator protein 1 (AP-1), which transregulates the expression of several genes. To study the postischemic events related to c-fos expression, we suppressed the expression of c-fos by intraventricular infusion of an antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide (anti-rncfosr 115 ) of c-fos mRNA. The effectiveness of antirncfosr 115 was confirmed first by its capability to block in vitro c-fos mRNA translation. In vivo, after intraventricular infusion of 32 P-labeled anti-rncfosr 115 , the oligodeoxynucleotide was internalized within 6 hours and detectable also in the nucleic acids fraction up to 41 hours. Treatment of the recovered nucleic acids with RNase H separated the labeled Oligodeoxynucleotide from the nucleic acid fraction, indicating an association of the antisense Oligodeoxynucleotide and cellular RNA after uptake. When focal cerebral ischemia was induced 16 hours after the infusion of antirncfosr 115 , the postischemic increase in Fos expression and AP-1 binding activity were suppressed. Specificity of the effect of anti-rncfosr 115 was suggested by its failure to suppress the DNA binding activity of nuclear cyclic AMP response elements. These results support the hypothesis that increased AP-1 binding activity following focal cerebral ischemia is dependent on Fos expression and can be inhibited in vivo by antisense c-fos oligodeoxynucleotides.The molecular events of brain adaptation to injury that may underlie functional recovery after stroke remain largely undefined. Recent observations of altered gene expression in ischemic brain using animal stroke models have opened new avenues for exploration of the biochemical cascades after stroke [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. These postischemic events include an increase in extracellular excitatory amino acid neurotransmitters such as glutamate. Glutamate receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases and protein kinases results in the alteration of nuclear regulatory processes, including the expression of immediate early genes such as c-fos, junB, and c-jun [5,12]. The Fos, Jun, and JunB proteins have been shown to form activator protein 1 (AP-1) through a conserved dimerization domain, i.e., the leucine zipper [13]. Transcription regulator AP-1 protein binds a specific DNA motif and is believed to transactivate the expression of a number of late effector genes [14][15][16][17][18][19]. In the ischemic brain, we have previously demonstrated an increase in AP-1 binding activity [9]. A number of genes that bear neurotrophic properties may be regulated by transcription regulator AP-1. These genes, such as heat shock protein [1,4,[19][20][21][22], amyloid [23], neurotrophins [7], and protein tyrosine kinase receptor trkB [24], have been shown to be induced following cerebral ischemia. The causal relationship between the Fos/Jun-AP-1 cascade and the subsequent expression of the late e...

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mentioning

confidence: 57%

Suppression of ischemia‐induced fos expression and AP‐1 activity by an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to c‐fos mRNA

Liu

Salminen

et al. 1994

Annals of Neurology

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“…Likewise, recent studies have also suggested that Cu 2ϩ chelation may represent an alternative approach to the management of ␤-amyloid deposition in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Because IL-1␣ expression is enhanced significantly in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients (50) and is able to induce the expression of the ␤-amyloid precursor gene in human endothelial cells in vitro (51), the therapeutic effect of Cu 2ϩ chelators in Alzheimer's pathology may be due to their ability to inhibit the release of IL-1␣.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copper chelation represses the vascular response to injury

Mandinov

Mandinova²,

Kyurkchiev³

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

122

117

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The induction of an acute inflammatory response followed by the release of polypeptide cytokines and growth factors from peripheral blood monocytes has been implicated in mediating the response to vascular injury. Because the Cu 2؉ -binding proteins IL-1␣ and fibroblast growth factor 1 are exported into the extracellular compartment in a stress-dependent manner by using intracellular Cu 2؉ to facilitate the formation of S100A13 heterotetrameric complexes and these signal peptideless polypeptides have been implicated as regulators of vascular injury in vivo, we examined the ability of Cu 2؉ chelation to repress neointimal thickening in response to injury. We observed that the oral administration of the Cu 2؉ chelator tetrathiomolybdate was able to reduce neointimal thickening after balloon injury in the rat. Interestingly, although immunohistochemical analysis of control neointimal sections exhibited prominent staining for MAC1, IL-1␣, S100A13, and the acidic phospholipid phosphatidylserine, similar sections obtained from tetrathiomolybdate-treated animals did not. Further, adenoviral gene transfer of the IL-1 receptor antagonist during vascular injury also significantly reduced the area of neointimal thickening. Our data suggest that intracellular copper may be involved in mediating the response to injury in vivo by its ability to regulate the stress-induced release of IL-1␣ by using the nonclassical export mechanism employed by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro.phosphatidylserine ͉ interleukin 1 ͉ restenosis ͉ tetrathiomolybdate ͉ fibroblast growth factor

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“…In addition, post-mitotic neurons which overexpress full-length APP were shown to degenerate and accumulate large amounts of amyloidogenic C-terminal fragments (9). The promoter region of the APP gene (10) has been shown to contain binding sequences for several known transcription factors (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). We reported recently (20) that a novel regulatory pathway for APP gene control at the transcriptional level may involve members of the NF-B/Rel family.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In fact IL-1 is induced in the central nervous system following a variety of insults (23). Moreover, the cytokine is dramatically overexpressed in brains of individuals with AD and Down's syndrome (24) and it induces an increase in APP transcript levels in endothelial (11) and neuronal cells (25). On the other hand, the role of glutamate as a mediator of acute neurodegenerative events is well recognized (26).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin-1β and Glutamate Activate the NF-κB/Rel Binding Site from the Regulatory Region of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Gene in Primary Neuronal Cultures

Grilli

Goffi

Memo

et al. 1996

Journal of Biological Chemistry

143

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We originally reported that members of the family of transcription factors NF-B/Rel can specifically recognize two identical sequences, referred to as APP B sites, which are present in the 5 -regulatory region of the APP gene. Here we show that the APP B sites interact specifically with a complex which contains one of the subunits of the family, defined as p50 protein, and that they act as positive modulators of gene transcription in cells of neural origin. Additionally, the nuclear complex specifically binding to the APP B sites is constitutively expressed in primary neurons from rat cerebellum and it is up-regulated in response to both the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1␤ (IL-1␤) and the excitatory amino acid glutamate. Since IL-1, whose levels are known to be induced in brain of individuals affected by Alzheimer's disease, and glutamate, are stimuli which have been regarded as major actors on the stage of neurodegenerative processes, we believe our evidence as potentially relevant for understanding the neuropathology associated with Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's disease (AD) 1 is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by abnormal deposition of extracellular congophilic plaques in the brain. The main constituent of plaques is a 39-to 43-amino acid peptide, named ␤-amyloid, which is a proteolytic fragment of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) (1). In recent years, most experimental studies have been aimed at understanding the mechanisms of ␤-amyloid formation and deposition and at identifying potential risk factors which may favor these processes. In particular, APP gene mutations occurring in families with Familial AD have been correlated with disturbance in protein processing, which in turn, may predispose to ␤ amyloid formation (2, 3). However, since APP gene mutations represent a minor percentage of AD cases, it is evident that other mechanisms may exist to account for ␤-amyloid deposition. In this regard, it should not be underestimated that overexpression of the APP gene may be involved in the pathogenetic mechanisms of amyloid formation, at least in some clinical forms of the disease. Several observations underscore the potential contribution of the APP gene overexpression to favoring AD neuropathology: (i) the marked accumulation of ␤-amyloid which correlates with increased levels of APP mRNA in trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome) (4); (ii) the increased levels of APP gene transcripts in specific areas of the AD brains (5-7); (iii) the increased APP mRNA transcription in cultured fibroblasts from the Familial Alzheimer's disease-1 family (8). In addition, post-mitotic neurons which overexpress full-length APP were shown to degenerate and accumulate large amounts of amyloidogenic C-terminal fragments (9). The promoter region of the APP gene (10) has been shown to contain binding sequences for several known transcription factors (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). We reported recently (20) that a novel regulatory pathway for APP gene control at the transcriptional level may involve members of the NF...

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Interleukin 1 regulates synthesis of amyloid beta-protein precursor mRNA in human endothelial cells.

Cited by 510 publications

References 49 publications

Suppression of ischemia‐induced fos expression and AP‐1 activity by an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to c‐fos mRNA

Suppression of ischemia‐induced fos expression and AP‐1 activity by an antisense oligodeoxynucleotide to c‐fos mRNA

Copper chelation represses the vascular response to injury

Interleukin-1β and Glutamate Activate the NF-κB/Rel Binding Site from the Regulatory Region of the Amyloid Precursor Protein Gene in Primary Neuronal Cultures

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