Interleukin-1 Superfamily and Cancer

Pro-Inflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Interleukins in Infectious Diseases: A Comprehensive Review

“…The IL-1 family of cytokines is made up of 11 members, including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33, IL-36α, IL-36β, IL-36γ, IL-36Ra, IL-37, IL-38, and the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). These cytokines are secreted by different cell types, including macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells, and epithelial cells, and they exert their effects by binding to specific receptors [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]. IL-1 family cytokines initiate signaling cascades that activate immune cells and stimulate the secretion of other pro-inflammatory cytokines, amplifying immune response [ 4 , 5 , 6 ].…”

“…They stimulate immune cell recruitment and activation, increase their vascular permeability, and induce fever, all of which are critical for fighting off invading pathogens. However, excessive secretion of pro-inflammatory interleukins can lead to a hyper-inflammatory response, which can cause tissue damage and contribute to the development of severe infections and sepsis [ 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”