Interleukin-11 (IL-11) in human endometrium: expression throughout the menstrual cycle and the effects of cytokines on endometrial IL-11 production in vitro

Bridging endometrial receptivity and implantation: network of hormones, cytokines, and growth factors

“…All the major cell types in endometrium express IL11 with cyclical variation. The most prominent immunoreactivity and mRNA expression is in the decidualized stromal cells late in the menstrual cycle , Cork et al 2001, von Rango et al 2004. Despite this, there is still uncertainty regarding the time of maximal production of IL11 in the epithelial cells, possibly because of differing protocols for immunohistochemistry in these studies.…”

Endometrial biopsy-induced gene modulation: first evidence for the expression of bladder-transmembranal uroplakin Ib in human endometrium

“…In parallel, modulations in the expression of different cytokines, GFs, transcription factors, and prostaglandins (1, 3) take place. Specifically, an increase in interleukin-11 (IL-11) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) expression was observed in human endometrial cells during the midsecretory phase (4,5). Along this line, in vitro studies suggested that PGE2 and relaxin act via IL-11 to phosphorylate Stat3, which enhances P-induced decidualization in cultured human stromal cells (6).…”

Expression of leukemia inhibitory factor in the endometrium in abnormal uterine cavities during the implantation window

“…The expression of IL-11 and its receptor has been reported in biopsy specimens obtained from normal fertile women and women who have suffered recurrent miscarriages (21). IL-11 mRNA expression has also been recognized in the decidualized stromal cells late in the menstrual cycle (22)(23)(24).…”