Interleukin 15 mediates epithelial changes in celiac disease

Dysfunctions of the Iga system: a common link between intestinal and renal diseases

“…IL-15, in turn, induces the secretion of interferon-c, expression of natural killer receptors on intraepithelial cells and the activation of cytotoxicity against enterocytes. 47 …”

Celiac Disease: a model autoimmune disease with gene therapy applications

“…43 There is agreement, however, that their migration ( Figure 2) and activation at the level of the intraepithelial compartment is controlled by the local release of IL-15. 39,44 This cytokine has been proposed to have a central role in the progression of CD as it can cause many different and disease-associated phenomena, particularly of the epithelial compartment. 44 The local release of IL-15 might also contribute to the overall proinflammatory response observed in the small intestine of celiac patients.…”

“…39,44 This cytokine has been proposed to have a central role in the progression of CD as it can cause many different and disease-associated phenomena, particularly of the epithelial compartment. 44 The local release of IL-15 might also contribute to the overall proinflammatory response observed in the small intestine of celiac patients. As discussed above CD is a frank Th1 disease characterized by the rapid and substantial IFN-g release in small intestine biopsies of CD patients, while no or negligible IL-4 is detected.…”

“…48 It has been demonstrated in the context of CD that biologically active IL-15 is rapidly made available after gliadin challenge. 44 Further studies have unraveled some of the aspects of this rapid 'release' of IL-15 after gliadin challenge, and indicated a dichotomy between the peptides that are immune dominant and recognized by resident T cells and the region of gliadin that induces this release of IL-15 (Maiuri et al, submitted) . It has to be stressed that rather than release, we should say biological availability of IL-15.…”

Celiac disease: a model disease for gene–environment interaction

“…14) and IL-15 (Ref. 15) have been shown to be central players in CD pathogenesis, specifically, because of their significance as markers of the innate immune response to intracellular pathogens such as double-stranded RNA viruses. Notably, infections with rotavirus, a double-stranded RNA virus, have been shown to promote the development of CD in children.…”