Interleukin 2-regulated in vitro antibody production following a single spinal manipulative treatment in normal subjects

Abstract

BackgroundOur recent investigations have demonstrated that cell cultures from subjects, who received a single spinal manipulative treatment in the upper thoracic spine, show increased capacity for the production of the key immunoregulatory cytokine, interleukin-2. However, it has not been determined if such changes influence the response of the immune effector cells. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to determine whether, in the same subjects, spinal manipulation-related augmentation of the in vitro interleukin-2 synthesis is associated with the modulation of interleukin 2-dependent and/or interleukin-2-induced humoral immune response (antibody synthesis).MethodsA total of seventy-four age and sex-matched healthy asymptomatic subjects were studied. The subjects were assigned randomly to: venipuncture control (n = 22), spinal manipulative treatment without cavitation (n = 25) or spinal manipulative treatment associated with cavitation (n = 27) groups. Heparinized blood samples were obtained from the subjects before (baseline) and then at 20 minutes and 2 hours post-treatment. Immunoglobulin (antibody) synthesis was induced in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells by stimulation with conventional pokeweed mitogen or by application of human recombinant interleukin-2. Determinations of the levels of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M production in culture supernatants were performed by specific immunoassays.ResultsThe baseline levels of immunoglobulin synthesis induced by pokeweed mitogen or human recombinant interleukin-2 stimulation were comparable in all groups. No significant changes in the production of pokeweed mitogen-induced immunoglobulins were observed during the post-treatment period in any of the study groups. In contrast, the production of interleukin-2 -induced immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M was significantly increased in cultures from subjects treated with spinal manipulation. At 20 min post-manipulation, immunoglobulin G synthesis was significantly elevated in subjects who received manipulation with cavitation, relative to that in cultures from subjects who received manipulation without cavitation and venipuncture alone. At 2 hr post-treatment, immunoglobulin M synthesis was significantly elevated in subjects who received manipulation with cavitation relative to the venipuncture group. There were no quantitative alterations within the population of peripheral blood B or T lymphocytes in the studied cultures.ConclusionSpinal manipulative treatment does not increase interleukin-2 -dependent polyclonal immunoglobulin synthesis by mitogen-activated B cells. However, antibody synthesis induced by interleukin-2 alone can be, at least temporarily, augmented following spinal manipulation. Thus, under certain physiological conditions spinal manipulative treatment might influence interleukin-2 -regulated biological responses.

The immediate effects of cervical spine manipulation on pain and biochemical markers in females with acute non-specific mechanical neck pain: a randomized clinical trial

“…In addition, cortisol is a potent anti-inflammatory and helps one cope with stress [47]. Cervical SM can influence inflammatory and immune biomarkers including cortisol [9,48,49]. Our findings differed from the findings of Plaza-Manzano et al [19] who reported a significant change in cortisol following a SM study on asymptomatic individuals but not in the control group.…”

Visceral responses to spinal manipulation

“…The latter authors suggested that such down regulation of inflammatory cytokines as they observed was likely not mediated by substance P, but might have been the result of activation of the parasympathetic nervous system. Using a comparable design, they also demonstrated increased synthesis of immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M at 20 min and 2 h, respectively, following thoracic manipulation (Teodorczyk-Injeyan et al, 2010). Collectively, these results do not paint a cohesive picture of the effects of spinal manipulation on the complex interactions within the immune system.…”

The Effects Induced by Spinal Manipulative Therapy on the Immune and Endocrine Systems

“…The literature search on MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and ProQuest retrieved 1707 records and nine articles were included as they met the inclusion criteria [23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31]. The manual search yielded four additional manuscripts totaling 13 relevant articles.…”

“…Five studies examined cortisol levels through saliva samples [30,31,32,34,35], whereas four used the venepuncture technique [24,25,26,33]. Four studies examined the effects of SMT on the immune system and all of them were conducted on healthy individuals [23,27,28,29].…”

“…To further elucidate the mechanisms underpinning the effects of SMT on the immune system, Teodorczyk-Injeyan et al performed two further analyses on the same set of participants [27,29]. They examined both the production of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and its modulation of the humoral immune response (antibody synthesis) by measuring the in vitro reactions of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in culture supernatants elicited by different mitogens or inducers.…”