Interleukin‐29 profiles in COVID‐19 patients: Survival is associated with IL‐29 levels

Real‐time impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on cutaneous leishmaniasis case finding and strategic planning, preventive interventions, control and epidemiology in a region with a high burden of cutaneous leishmaniasis and COVID‐19: A cross‐sectional descriptive study based on registry data in Ilam‐Iran

“…In the case of reduced health services, the mortality due to viral infection and other preventable communicable diseases increases substantially. 26,35,48,53,54,70 The extent of elevated disease incidence depends on the infection's endemicity and local transmission conditions. 14 Based on the literature, most isolated bacteria possessed high antibiotic resistance to common antibiotics and various studies on the prospective antibiotic consumption during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic described changing trends over time.…”

“…71,72 Several investigations have been performed to assess the likely impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on different facets of life, health, and underlying health system parameters such as costs, antibiotic resistance, physiological effects, and possible interaction with other diseases. [16][17][18]29,30,35,48,49,53,54 There is still no specific, completely safe, and appropriate drug, method, or vaccine for the treatment or prevention of CL, as well as the occurrence of secondary infections at the wound site and the need to take other establishment of suitable propagation sites for mosquito vectors, a newly emerging focus of CL for possible human transmission was created in Abdanan County in Ilam province. 86 These problems raise the concern that the COVID-19 pandemic and its complications could act as the expanding cause of new foci of CL and other NTDs in the affected regions.…”

“…Based on the literature, most isolated bacteria possessed high antibiotic resistance to common antibiotics and various studies on the prospective antibiotic consumption during the first wave of the COVID‐19 pandemic described changing trends over time 71,72 . Several investigations have been performed to assess the likely impact of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic on different facets of life, health, and underlying health system parameters such as costs, antibiotic resistance, physiological effects, and possible interaction with other diseases 16–18,29,30,35,48,49,53,54 . There is still no specific, completely safe, and appropriate drug, method, or vaccine for the treatment or prevention of CL, as well as the occurrence of secondary infections at the wound site and the need to take other antibiotics, along with the emergence of resistance to anti‐leishmanial and antibacterial agents, makes the treatment of this infection more complicated 73–79 .…”

“…[40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] Iran is one of the regions severely affected by the current pandemic, and the emergence of COVID-19 has had a significant impact on the burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases worldwide as well as in Iran. [15][16][17]19,20,28,35,37,[48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56] Many infectious diseases directly or indirectly impact each other and can impact clinical features or epidemiological picture of another infection. 16,24,[50][51][52] The World Health Organization (WHO) published a guideline on maintaining essential healthcare services during the viral pandemic.…”

Maternal COVID-19 infection and the fetus: Immunological and neurological perspectives

“…In contrast, high interleukin 1 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) is associated with poor pregnancy outcomes such as preterm delivery [ 52 ]. Indeed, in severe COVID-19 infection, the balance between inflammatory/anti-inflammatory cytokines is disrupted [ 15 , 61 ], which can harm maternal and fetal health. In another study, it was reported that the increased levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-8, and CRP are related to neurodevelopmental morbidity such as microcephaly [ 62 ].…”