Interleukin 6: A biomarker for COVID-19 progression

Sebbar, El-houcine; Choukri, Mohammed

doi:10.1016/j.matpr.2022.07.387

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“… 4 , 5 , 13 , 58 Interleukin-6 regulates the inflammatory process, and the elevation is associated with the worsening of Covid-19 patients. 6 , 16 In accordance with recent studies, this study also proved that increased levels of IL-6 can predict the deterioration of subjects.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The role of IL-6, ferritin, and coagulopathy in Covid-19 clinical progression

Harahap,

Irawan,

Susilo

et al. 2023

F1000Res

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Background In Covid-19 infection, the release of pro-inflammatory mediators in the setting of cytokine storm, primarily interleukin-6 (IL-6), has been hypothesized to induce pulmonary intravascular thrombosis and eventually systemic coagulopathy. However, the relationship between IL-6 and coagulopathy remains unclear in Covid-19 progression. We aimed to investigate the correlation of IL-6 with D-dimer, fibrinogen, prothrombin time (PT), and ferritin. Furthermore, we also analysed the changes of those parameters in relation with progression of Covid-19 disease. Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted in moderate and severe Covid-19 patients from June 2020 to January 2021. A serial evaluation of IL-6, D-dimer, fibrinogen, ferritin, and PT was performed and correlated with the patient's condition at admission and on the 14th day. The outcomes (improvement, worsening, or discharged patients) were recorded during the study. Results Of 374 patients, 73 study subjects (61 severe and 12 moderate Covid-19) were included in this study. A total of 35 out of 61 severe illness and one out of 12 moderate illness subjects had experienced worsening. Spearman-rank correlation of IL-6 with with ferritin, D-dimer, fibrinogen, and PT was 0.08 ( p=0.5), −0.13 ( p=0.27), 0.01 ( p=0.91), and 0.03 ( p=0.77), respectively. In ROC analysis, D-dimer (74,77%) and IL-6 (71,32%) were the highest among other variables (>60%). Conclusions In Covid-19 patients, there was a correlation between elevated IL-6 and D-dimer levels with clinical deterioration. There was no correlation between elevated IL-6 levels with ferritin, D-dimer, fibrinogen, and PT levels. In conclusion, changes in IL-6 and D-dimer can be independent predictor of disease progression in moderate and severe Covid-19 patients.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

The role of IL-6, ferritin, and coagulopathy in Covid-19 clinical progression

Harahap,

Irawan,

Susilo

et al. 2023

F1000Res

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“…Положительный ответ на терапию левилимабом был отмечен у 93,5 % пациентов со стадией поражения лёгких КТ-1-3 и у 59,1 % с КТ-4. Медиана длительности госпитализации составила 11 (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) суток. Авторы обнаружили, что введение левилимаба в первые двое суток госпитализации характеризовалось большей эффективностью по сравнению с его назначением спустя трое и более суток (было отмечено статистически значимое сокращение длительности госпитализации в первом случае, p < 0,01) [37].…”

Section: клиническая фармакология Clinical Pharmacologyunclassified

“…Дискутабельным является вопрос возможной роли ИЛ-2 [12], ИЛ-10 [13] и ряда других (ИЛ-22, ИЛ-19, ИЛ-18, ИЛ-4). Большинство опубликованных исследований выделяет в качестве наиболее значимого цитокина, ассоциированного с высоким риском тяжёлого течения COVID-19, именно ИЛ-6 [14][15][16]. ИЛ-6 играет центральную роль в реализации реакций острого воспалительного ответа, оказывает воздействие на клеточный иммунитет, усиливает проницаемость гематоэнцефалического барьера, опосредует реакции синовиального воспаления, влияет на гемопоэз.…”

Section: введение / Introductionunclassified

Efficacy of interleukin-6 inhibitors as a tool for preventive anti-inflammatory therapy for COVID-19

Zyryanov,

Butranova,

Abramova

2024

GCP

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The novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19) is characterized by damage, along with the lungs, to many other vital organs and systems. The prevalence and severity of the resulting lesions are determined by the ability of the SARS-CoV-2 virus to cause excessive activation of the immune response, accompanied by changes in both cellular and humoral components. Among humoral disorders, the most significant is the hypersecretion of cytokines, including interleukins (IL), in particular IL-6 and IL1β. Elevated levels of IL-6 are one of the main predictors of severe COVID-19 and death. So, blocking the effects of this cytokine is of fundamental importance for improving the clinical outcomes of patients. Monoclonal antibodies against human interleukin-6 receptor or against IL-6 have been widely studied in patients with extremely severe COVID-19, and to a lesser extent in mild and moderate severity. Regardless of the severity, maximum effectiveness is achieved when these drugs are administered as early as possible, which made it possible to create such a tool as preventive anti-inflammatory therapy. Preventive prescription of IL-6 inhibitors may be useful not only for hospitalized inpatients, but also for outpatients. This review is aimed to assess the effectiveness of early use of IL-6 inhibitors both in hospitalized and ambulatory patients with varying degrees of severity of COVID-19.

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“…The airway epithelium, therefore, can initiate IL-6 production following SARS-CoV-2 infection through immune crosstalk, but it can also sustain its release through the AngII/AT1R pathway, which may contribute to excessive IL-6 release. IL-6 is a biomarker for fatal pneumonia and COVID-19 severity [108,109], and this has been reviewed by Liu et al (2020) and Sebbar and Choukri (2023) [108,110].…”

Section: Epithelial-derived Immune Mediators In Sars-cov-2 Infections...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Airway Epithelial-Derived Immune Mediators in COVID-19

Guo,

Singhera,

Leung

et al. 2023

Viruses

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The airway epithelium, which lines the conducting airways, is central to the defense of the lungs against inhaled particulate matter and pathogens such as SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. Recognition of pathogens results in the activation of an innate and intermediate immune response which involves the release of cytokines and chemokines by the airway epithelium. This response can inhibit further viral invasion and influence adaptive immunity. However, severe COVID-19 is characterized by a hyper-inflammatory response which can give rise to clinical presentations including lung injury and lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, viral pneumonia, coagulopathy, and multi-system organ failure. In response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, the airway epithelium can mount a maladaptive immune response which can delay viral clearance, perpetuate excessive inflammation, and contribute to the pathogenesis of severe COVID-19. In this article, we will review the barrier and immune functions of the airway epithelium, how SARS-CoV-2 can interact with the epithelium, and epithelial-derived cytokines and chemokines and their roles in COVID-19 and as biomarkers. Finally, we will discuss these immune mediators and their potential as therapeutic targets in COVID-19.

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Interleukin 6: A biomarker for COVID-19 progression

Cited by 6 publications

References 48 publications

The role of IL-6, ferritin, and coagulopathy in Covid-19 clinical progression

The role of IL-6, ferritin, and coagulopathy in Covid-19 clinical progression

Efficacy of interleukin-6 inhibitors as a tool for preventive anti-inflammatory therapy for COVID-19

Airway Epithelial-Derived Immune Mediators in COVID-19

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