Interleukin-6 and the thyroid

Bartalena, Luigi; Brogioni, Sandra; Grasso, Lucia; Martino, Enio

doi:10.1530/eje.0.1320386

Cited by 40 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In vitro IL-6 production by thyrocytes has been reported before. It is stimulated by TSH (see also this report), IL-1-and epidermal growth factor (Hirano et al 1990, Bartalena et al 1995. IL-6 has a wide variety of activities: it is involved in the regulation of the immune response by an enhancement of T cell proliferation, a stimulation of B cells to produce antibodies and an enhancement of the activity of GM-CSF (Hirano et al 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Pre-autoimmune thyroid abnormalities in the biobreeding diabetes-prone (BB-DP) rat: a possible relation with the intrathyroid accumulation of dendritic cells and the initiation of the thyroid autoimmune response

Simons

Delemarre²,

Jeucken³

et al. 1998

Journal of Endocrinology

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Thyroid autoimmune reactions start with an accumulation of mainly dendritic cells in the thyroid. There is increasing evidence that, apart from being antigen-presenting cells, they are also able to control the growth and hormone synthesis of neighbouring endocrine cells. The questions thus arise: are dendritic cells accumulating in the pre-autoimmune thyroid in response to an altered proliferative or metabolic activity of thyrocytes, and do cytokines, monocyte chemoattractants, or both, have a role in their accumulation? We have investigated these questions in thyrocytes of the biobreeding diabetes-prone (BB-DP) rat in relation to the start of the intrathyroid accumulation of dendritic cells -that is, at about 9 weeks of age.BB-DP rats and Wistar rats (controls) were studied from 3 to 20 weeks of age. Hyperplastic goitre development was studied by assessing the thyroid weight and by measuring the number of thyrocyte nuclei per 0·01 mm 2 thyroid section. In addition, the in situ expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-(TNF-), monocyte-chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were studied by immunohistochemistry. The in vitro proliferative capacity of BB-DP and Wistar thyrocytes was measured by tritiated-thymidine ([ 3 H]TdR) and bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation into reconstituted, TSHand non-TSH-stimulated, cultured thyroid follicles. Further in vitro studies consisted of measurement of the production of thyroxine (T 4 ), triiodothyronine (T 3 ), thyroglobulin, IL-6, TNF-and MCP-1 by the thyroid follicles.BB-DP rats developed a small hyperplastic goitre between the ages of 9 and 12 weeks. The in vitro proliferative rate of thyrocytes isolated from hyperplastic BB-DP thyroids was significantly lower than that of Wistar thyrocytes. This phenomenon also occurred in follicles isolated from BB-DP rats before hyperplastic goitre development, which produced significantly less T 4 , but more T 3 , than did Wistar follicles of the same age. At the time of and after hyperplastic goitre development, BB-DP follicles exhibited altered metabolic behaviour and produced significantly more T 4 , but equal amounts of T 3 compared with both Wistar follicles of the same age and follicles of younger BB-DP rats (both under basal conditions and TSH-stimulated).In vitro IL-6 production by these BB-DP thyroid follicles was also increased. There was no noteworthy difference in production of thyroglobulin and MCP-1 between BB-DP and Wistar follicles at any age. TNF-was not produced by BB-DP or Wistar thyroid follicles.Immunohistochemistry revealed the expression of IL-6 by both BB-DP and Wistar thyroid follicle cells at all times of sampling. MCP-1 and TNF-were expressed only when infiltrates were present in BB-DP thyroids (restricted to leucocytes, ages >18 weeks). Modest ICAM-1 expression was restricted to large blood vessels in both BB-DP and Wistar thyroids; in the case of infiltrates (BB-DP rat) alone, high ICAM-1 expression was found on blood vessels and leucocytes...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Pre-autoimmune thyroid abnormalities in the biobreeding diabetes-prone (BB-DP) rat: a possible relation with the intrathyroid accumulation of dendritic cells and the initiation of the thyroid autoimmune response

Simons

Delemarre²,

Jeucken³

et al. 1998

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…The relevance of TNF-a changes in NTI patients was questioned, based on the observation that serum concentration of the cytokine was elevated in only 1 of 13 NTI patients (84); no relationship was found between TNF-a and thyroid hormone concentrations, with the exception of a slight correlation with FT 4 values, possibly related to a TNF-a-induced increase in FFA levels (84) ( Table 3). An increase in serum IL-6 concentrations was reported in NTI patients, especially those with low T 3 concentration (83,(85)(86)(87) (Table 3). Serum IL-6 levels were negatively correlated with serum FT 3 and positively correlated with serum rT 3 concentrations (86).…”

Section: European Journal Of Endocrinology (1998) 138mentioning

confidence: 88%

Role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of the euthyroid sick syndrome

Bartalena

Bogazzi

Brogioni

et al. 1998

European Journal of Endocrinology

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“…In particular these cytokines inhibit [ 125 I]iodide transport and organification and type I deiodinase in rat thyroid cells (2)(3)(4)(5). Several authors have indicated TNF-a, IL-1, IL-6, and acid and basic fibroblast growth factor as putative mediators of the modifications in thyroid function observed in NTI patients (6)(7)(8)(9). Elsewhere we reported on the links between the low T 3 syndrome and erythropoietin and TNF-a plasma concentrations in NTI patients (10).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased transforming growth factor-beta1 plasma concentration is associated with high plasma 3,3',5'-tri-iodothyronine in elderly patients with nonthyroidal illnesses

Corica

Allegra

Corsonello

et al. 1998

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: To study transforming growth factor-b1 (TGF-b1) plasma concentrations in elderly patients with nonthyroidal illnesses (NTI). Design: Case-control study. Methods: We measured plasma concentrations of tri-iodothyronine (T 3 ), reverse T 3 (rT 3 ), thyroxine (T 4 ), free T 3 (fT 3 ) and free T 4 (fT 4 ) estimates, TSH, and TGF-b1 in 48 elderly NTI patients consecutively admitted in our Division of Internal Medicine and Metabolic Diseases, and in 11 healthy age-and sexmatched controls. Results: The data on thyroid hormones enabled us to identify three groups: Group A, subjects (8 patients) with T 3 and fT 3 levels comparable to those in controls; Group B, subjects (30 patients) with T 3 and fT 3 levels lower than controls but rT 3 levels comparable to those of controls; Group C, subjects (10 patients) with T 3 and fT 3 levels lower than those of controls and higher rT 3 levels. The patients of Group C showed higher plasma levels of TGF-b1 compared with controls. Moreover, we found a positive correlation between TGF-b1 and rT 3 (r S ¼ 0.38, P < 0.01) in the whole group of NTI patients. Conclusions: Our data seem to confirm the hypothesis that TGF-b1 could play a role in the pathogenesis of some modifications of thyroid function observed in patients with nonthyroidal illnesses.

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Interleukin-6 and the thyroid

Cited by 40 publications

References 53 publications

Pre-autoimmune thyroid abnormalities in the biobreeding diabetes-prone (BB-DP) rat: a possible relation with the intrathyroid accumulation of dendritic cells and the initiation of the thyroid autoimmune response

Pre-autoimmune thyroid abnormalities in the biobreeding diabetes-prone (BB-DP) rat: a possible relation with the intrathyroid accumulation of dendritic cells and the initiation of the thyroid autoimmune response

Role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of the euthyroid sick syndrome

Increased transforming growth factor-beta1 plasma concentration is associated with high plasma 3,3',5'-tri-iodothyronine in elderly patients with nonthyroidal illnesses

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