Interleukin-6 Is Associated With Cognitive Function: The Northern Manhattan Study

Wright, Clinton B.; Sacco, Ralph L.; Rundek, Tatjana; Delman, Joshua B.; Rabbani, LeRoy E.; Elkind, Mitchell S.V.

doi:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2005.08.009

Cited by 138 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Both were associated with executive function/processing speed domain. Our results were similar to previous studies that found a negative association between IL-6 levels and cognition (Marsland et al 2006;Wright et al 2006).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The association between systemic inflammation and cognitive performance in the elderly: the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study

Trollor

Smith

Agars

et al. 2011

AGE

168

127

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Inflammation may contribute to cognitive decline and dementia. This study examined the cross-sectional relationships between markers of systemic inflammation (C-reactive protein, interleukins-1β, -6, -8, -10, -12, plasminogen activator inhibitor, serum amyloid A, tumour necrosis factor-α and vascular adhesion molecule-1) and cognitive function in 873 non-demented community-dwelling elderly participants aged 70-90 years. Regression analyses were performed to determine the relationships between cognitive domains and inflammatory markers, controlling for age, sex, education, cardiovascular risk factors, obesity and other metabolic factors, smoking, alcohol consumption, depression and presence of the apolipoprotein ε4 genotype. Regression analyses were repeated using four factors derived from a factor analysis of the cognitive tests. After Bonferroni correction for multiple testing, associations remained between raised levels of interleukin-12 and reduced performance in processing speed. Marked sex differences were noted in the abovementioned findings, with only females being significantly affected. Using the AGE

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

The association between systemic inflammation and cognitive performance in the elderly: the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study

Trollor

Smith

Agars

et al. 2011

AGE

168

127

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“…In particular, these syndromes have been associated with high levels of central and peripheral IL-1 and IL-6 (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26), with IL-6 levels predicting subsequent cognitive decline among the elderly (24,26,27). We have recently extended these findings to show an inverse association between IL-6 and memory function among relatively healthy mid-life adults, raising the possibility that IL-6 represents a novel biomarker for risk of future cognitive decline (28).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…We have recently extended these findings to show an inverse association between IL-6 and memory function among relatively healthy mid-life adults, raising the possibility that IL-6 represents a novel biomarker for risk of future cognitive decline (28). Moreover, we and others have found that observed relationships between IL-6 and cognitive function are largely independent of established risk factors for subtle and clinical cognitive impairments, including age, education, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, body mass index (BMI), and subclinical atherosclerosis (e.g., 25,28). Thus, accumulating evidence links elevated IL-6 to cognitive impairments, with animal evidence showing that hippocampal-dependent cognitive functions may be particularly vulnerable to inflammation-related processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Interleukin-6 Covaries Inversely with Hippocampal Grey Matter Volume in Middle-Aged Adults

Marsland

Gianaros

Abramowitch

et al. 2008

Biological Psychiatry

309

224

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Background-Converging animal findings suggest that higher peripheral levels of inflammation are associated with activation of central inflammatory mechanisms that result in hippocampal neurodegeneration and related impairment of memory function. Consistent with animal findings, we have recently shown an inverse association between peripheral levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), a relatively stable marker of systemic inflammation, and memory function in mid-life adults. In the current study, we extend this work to test whether systemic inflammation is associated with reduced grey matter volume of the hippocampus.

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“…Serum IL-6 levels and mental decline IL-6 has been robustly associated with cognitive function and dementia in several population-based studies (Wright et al 2006). However, data of the impact of IL-6 on cognitive decline over time are conflicting, and only a few of these prospective studies were populationbased and included the oldest old.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vascular mechanisms have been proposed and strongly associated with IL-6 and cognitive decline. However, Wright and coworkers suggested a direct effect on the brain because adjusting for vascular disease and subclinical atherosclerosis did not attenuate the association with cognitive decline and IL-6 (Wright et al 2006). Additionally, previous data suggest that IL-6 crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and peripheral levels may represent the levels in the brain and can therefore reflect neural and systemic inflammation (Banks et al 1995).…”

Section: Gds Decline N=316mentioning

confidence: 99%

Interleukin-6 predicts short-term global functional decline in the oldest old: results from the BELFRAIL study

Adriaensen

Matheï

Vaes

et al. 2014

AGE

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The chronic inflammatory state at old age may contribute to the pathophysiology of or reflect chronic conditions resulting in loss of physical and mental functioning. Therefore, our objective was to examine the predictive value of a large battery of serum inflammatory markers as risk indicators for global functional decline and its specific physical and mental determinants in the oldest old. Global functional decline and specific aspects of physical and mental functional decline were assessed during an average of 1.66 years (±0.21) in a sample of 303 persons aged 80 years or older of the BELFRAIL study. Serum levels of 14 inflammatory proteins, including cytokines, growth factors, and acute phase proteins, were measured at baseline. Almost 20 % of the participants had a significant global functional decline over time. Interleukin (IL)-6 serum levels were uniquely positively associated with global functional decline, even after correcting for multiple confounders (odds ratio 1.51). Odds ratios for the individual aspects (physical dependency, physical performance, cognition, and depression) of functioning were lower, and composite scores of physical or mental decline were not significant. The proportion of global functional decline exhibited a dose-response curve with increasing levels of IL-6. Thus, IL-6 is an independent risk indicator for accelerated global functional decline in the oldest old. Our results suggest that simple serum levels of IL-6 may be very useful in short-term identification or evaluation of global functional status in the oldest old.

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Interleukin-6 Is Associated With Cognitive Function: The Northern Manhattan Study

Abstract: Background and purpose-Inflammation has been linked to cognitive decline and dementia but the mechanism is not clear and few studies have included Hispanic and black subjects that may be at increased risk of these disorders.

Cited by 138 publications

References 29 publications

The association between systemic inflammation and cognitive performance in the elderly: the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study

The association between systemic inflammation and cognitive performance in the elderly: the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study

Interleukin-6 Covaries Inversely with Hippocampal Grey Matter Volume in Middle-Aged Adults

Interleukin-6 predicts short-term global functional decline in the oldest old: results from the BELFRAIL study

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