Interleukin‐6‐Type Cytokinesa

Sehgal, Pravin B.; WANG, LING; Rayanade, Ravi J.; Pan, Heng; Margulies, Lola

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb32309.x

Cited by 47 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…necrosis factor (TNF), IL-1, and platelet-derived growth factor; and the interferons (IFNs) [1][2][3] (Table 1). Efficient induction of the IL-6 promoter requires the interaction of several different transcription factors, including the CAAT enhancer-binding protein (C/ EBP) family members and nuclear factor kB (NF-kB).…”

Section: Il-6 Gene Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…NF-IL6 binds and activates the promoter regions of various acute-phase protein genes in the liver. 1 Thus, when IL-6 binds to a cell through IL-6Ra/gp130 complexes, a series of events takes place that leads to the activation of STATs and NF-IL6, switching on target genes.…”

Section: Il-6 Receptors and Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IL-6 is a potent and essential factor for the normal development and function of both T and B lymphocytes 1 and has broad actions on cells of the hematopoietic system. IL-6 also up-regulates the multidrug resistance 1 (MDR-1) gene through activation of NF-IL6, which, in turn, transactivates the MDR-1 gene through a Y-box motif.…”

Section: Biologic Activities Of Il-6mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…IL-6 is a vital regulator of physiologic functions in diverse organ systems, including the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the immune system, the hepatic system, and others. 1 In addition, its dysregulation impacts numerous disease states, including many types of cancer. Consequently, modulating IL-6 may be an innovative therapeutic strategy in these diseases.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Interleukin‐6 and its receptor in cancer

Hong

Angelo

Kurzrock

2007

Cancer

343

127

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Interleukin-6 (IL-6) plays a major role in the response to injury or infection and is involved in the immune response, inflammation, and hematopoiesis. Its deregulation impacts numerous disease states, including many types of cancer. Consequently, modulating IL-6 may be an innovative therapeutic strategy in several diseases. A review of relevant published literature regarding IL-6 and its receptor was performed. In addition, a review of the relevance of this cytokine system to human illness, particularly in cancer, was undertaken. IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that is involved in the physiology of virtually every organ system. Aberrant expression of this cytokine has been implicated in diverse human illnesses, most notably inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, coronary artery and neurologic disease, gestational problems, and neoplasms. In cancer, high levels of circulating IL-6 are observed in almost every type of tumor studied and predict a poor outcome.

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Section: Il-6 Gene Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Il-6 Receptors and Signalingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Biologic Activities Of Il-6mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interleukin‐6 and its receptor in cancer

Hong

Angelo

Kurzrock

2007

Cancer

343

127

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“…IL-6 is one of a family of cytokines collectively termed "the interleukin-6-type cytokines". The cytokines which make up this family are IL-6, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), oncostatin-M (OSM), ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1), and interleukin-11 40 41. IL-6 is involved in a myriad of biologic processes, perhaps explaining its long list of synonyms (B-cell stimulatory factor-2, B cell differentiation factor, T cell-replacing factor, interferon-β 2 , 26-kDa protein, hybridoma growth factor, interleukin hybridoma plasmacytoma factor 1, plasmacytoma growth factor, hepatocyte-stimulating factor, macrophage granulocyteinducing factor 2, cytotoxic T cell differentiation factor, thrombopoietin) 42 .…”

Section: Interleukin-6mentioning

confidence: 99%

The biochemical origin of pain – Proposing a new law of pain: The origin of all pain is inflammation and the inflammatory response. Part 1 of 3 – A unifying law of pain

Omoigui¹

2007

Medical Hypotheses

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We are proposing a unifying theory or law of pain, which states: The origin of all pain is inflammation and the inflammatory response. The biochemical mediators of inflammation include cytokines, neuropeptides, growth factors and neurotransmitters. Irrespective of the type of pain whether it is acute or chronic pain, peripheral or central pain, nociceptive or neuropathic pain, the underlying origin is inflammation and the inflammatory response. Activation of pain receptors, transmission and modulation of pain signals, neuro plasticity and central sensitization are all one continuum of inflammation and the inflammatory response. Irrespective of the characteristic of the pain, whether it is sharp, dull, aching, burning, stabbing, numbing or tingling, all pain arise from inflammation and the inflammatory response. We are proposing a re-classification and treatment of pain syndromes based upon their inflammatory profile. Treatment of pain syndromes should be based on these principles:1. Determination of the inflammatory profile of the pain syndrome 2. Inhibition or suppression of production of the appropriate inflammatory mediators e.g. with inflammatory mediator blockers or surgical intervention where appropriate 3. Inhibition or suppression of neuronal afferent and efferent (motor) transmission e.g. with anti-seizure drugs or local anesthetic blocks Modulation of neuronal transmission e.g. with opioid medicationAt the L.A. Pain Clinic, we have successfully treated a variety of pain syndromes by utilizing these principles. This theory of the biochemical origin of pain is compatible with, inclusive of, and unifies existing theories and knowledge of the mechanism of pain including the gate control theory, and theories of pre-emptive analgesia, windup and central sensitization.

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