Interleukin-62/lymphocyte as a proposed predictive index for COVID-19 patients treated with monoclonal antibodies

Rotundo, Salvatore; Borelli, Massimo; Scaglione, Vincenzo; Lionello, Rosaria; Biamonte, Flavia; Olivadese, Vincenzo; Quirino, Angela; Morrone, Helen Linda; Matera, Giovanni; Costanzo, Francesco; Russo, Alessandro; Trecarichi, Enrico Maria; Torti, Carlo

doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1805948/v1

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…27,28 In addition, several have recommended early detection of serum IL-6 levels after admission to identify patients with the highest risk of disease progression and death. 27,29 These results are consistent with our findings in hospitalized patients.…”

supporting

confidence: 93%

Circulating Inflammatory Factor Levels in the Early Phase of COVID-19 are Associated with the Progression of Respiratory Failure: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Xiang,

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2023

JIR

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To evaluate the potential relationships between serum interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, interferon (IFN)-γ, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels and occurrence of respiratory failure in patients with early-stage COVID-19 disease. Patients and Methods: We analyzed clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and immunoinflammatory markers in 302 patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection who required hospitalization at Changshu Hospital of Nantong University. IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, IFN-γ, and TNF-α levels in the peripheral blood of patients hospitalized five days after disease onset were measured using multiplex bead-based flow fluorescent immunoassay (MBFFI). Results: Patients with respiratory failure had higher serum IL-4 [0 (0, 0.54) pg/mL], 90.28) pg/mL], 11.34) pg/mL], and 12.13) pg/mL] levels than patients without respiratory failure (P=0.042, P<0.0001, P=0.012, and P=0.036, respectively). Serum IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α levels were not significantly different between the two groups. The occurrence of respiratory failure was positively correlated with sex (R=0.122, P=0.034), lactic acid (R=0.193, P=0.007), white blood cell count (R=0.121, P=0.038), erythrocyte distribution width (R=0.131, P=0.024), thyrocalcitonin (R=0.280, P<0.0001), and D-dimer levels (R=0.214, P<0.0001) but negatively correlated with oxygen partial pressure (R=−0.208, P=0.004), oxygen saturation (R=−0.220, P=0.002), lymphocyte count (R=−0.129, P=0.026), and calcium (R=−0.152, P=0.042). Among the immunoinflammatory biomarkers, the occurrence of respiratory failure was positively correlated with IL-4 (R=−0.117, P=0.042), IL-6 (R=0.206, P<0.0001), IL-10 (R=0.145, P=0.012), and IL-17 (R=0.121, P=0.036) levels. Conclusion: Serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-17 and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly elevated in patients with respiratory failure and weakly positively correlated with the occurrence of respiratory failure. Further studies are required to explore these key immune mechanisms to help clinicians better manage acute complications, long-term sequelae, and possible future COVID-19 variants and be flexible in managing future epidemics and similar public health threats.

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supporting

confidence: 93%

Circulating Inflammatory Factor Levels in the Early Phase of COVID-19 are Associated with the Progression of Respiratory Failure: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Xiang,

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2023

JIR

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“…The development of a panel of standard laboratory tests is essential for patient risk assessment, optimum clinical care, and the effective use of medical resources. In this study, we sought to determine the prognostic value of inflammatory biomarkers in predicting COVID- 19 patients' in-hospital mortality. Inflammatory markers such as CAR, IL-6, the IL-6/LY ratio, and NLR have the potential to be used as predictors of in-hospital mortality for COVID-19 patients, according to our data.…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This value is higher than that reported in several other studies, possibly due to differences in the population of research subjects. For instance, a study limited to patients with severe COVID-19 treated in the ICU reported a cut-off value of 2.5 for IL-6/LY, whereas another study with a more heterogeneous population from asymptomatic to severe symptoms found a higher cut-off value of 19 [18][19].…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Predictive Value of Inflammatory Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study in Malang, Indonesia

Iskandar,

Oki,

Sutrisnani

et al. 2023

Indones. J. Chem.

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The objective of this study was to assess the predictive value of inflammatory biomarkers in COVID-19 patients, namely the CRP/albumin ratio (CAR), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-6/lymphocyte ratio (IL-6/LY), and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR). A prospective cohort study was conducted between January to June 2021 at Dr. Saiful Anwar General Hospital, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. CRP and albumin levels were measured using COBAS C6000. IL-6 was measured using the enzymatic chemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) method and NLR was calculated based on flow cytometry evaluation of neutrophil and lymphocyte. Patient outcomes were obtained from medical records. Out of the 102 COVID-19 patients, 60 were non-survivors. The findings revealed that the area under the receiver (AUC) for CAR, IL-6, IL-6/LY, and NLR were 0.71, 0.77, 0.75, and 0.65, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curve analysis demonstrated significant differences between the groups stratified by these cut-off values. Notably, CAR and IL-6 exhibited the most accurate predictive values for mortality in COVID-19 patients. These findings suggest that CAR and IL-6 may serve as valuable biomarkers for predicting mortality in COVID-19 patients. Importantly, CAR offers an advantage over IL-6 as it is relatively more affordable, making it a viable option even if COVID-19 becomes endemic.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A retrospective study of patients treated with monoclonal antibodies suggested that the IL6/lymphocyte count ratio is a valuable monitor to identify patients who need more treatment and support both in earlier and later stages of the disease. 22 Moreover, many studies showed that in addition to risk factors such as old age and underlying comorbidities, several markers such as serum levels of CRP, D-dimers, ferritin, cardiac troponin and IL-6, are associated with mild and severe disease and may be used as prognostic markers. For example, IL-2, IL-6 IL-7, and IL-10 were significantly associated with disease severity.…”

Section: T a B L Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic value of interleukin‐6 serum levels in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients: A case—control study in Iran

Shojaee,

Rafiee,

Hosseinzadeh

et al. 2024

Health Science Reports

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IntroductionThe coronavirus pandemic (COVID‐19) is an infectious disease with a high mortality rate that is challenging to treat. Cytokine storm is a crucial factor leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome in COVID‐19 patients. Identifying factors that predict the severity of the disease may be primarily prognostic to guide drug therapy. The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic role of interleukin 6 (IL‐6) in the hospitalized patients infected with COVID‐19.MethodsThis case‐control study was conducted from October 2019 to April 2020 at Shahid Faqihi hospital in Iran. Fifty hospitalized COVID‐19 patients and 50 healthy individuals were included while controlling demographics and comorbidities. IL‐6 serum levels were measured and compared based on demographic characteristics (age, sex) and comorbidities in the case and control groups. Spearman rank correlation coefficient was also used to analyze the correlations between IL‐6 levels and lung involvement in COVID‐19 patients. Moreover, some laboratory parameters were compared based on the percentage of lung involvement.ResultsThe level of IL‐6 in the case group was significantly higher than the control (p ˂ 0.001). We observed a positive and significant correlation between the level of IL‐6 and the severity of lung involvement (r = 0.0.79, p < 0.01). The median level of IL‐6 in patients who showed more than 75% lung involvement was 573 (IQR = 320−850).ConclusionAvailable evidence suggests that high levels of IL‐6 are associated with the severity of COVID‐19. According to the results, it could be proposed that inhibition of IL‐6 might be a target for therapeutic managements to reduce mortality in the patients with COVID‐19.

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Interleukin-62/lymphocyte as a proposed predictive index for COVID-19 patients treated with monoclonal antibodies

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Circulating Inflammatory Factor Levels in the Early Phase of COVID-19 are Associated with the Progression of Respiratory Failure: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Circulating Inflammatory Factor Levels in the Early Phase of COVID-19 are Associated with the Progression of Respiratory Failure: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Exploring the Predictive Value of Inflammatory Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study in Malang, Indonesia

Prognostic value of interleukin‐6 serum levels in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients: A case—control study in Iran

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