Interleukin 8 and CK-6 chemokines specifically attract rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) RTS11 monocyte–macrophage cells and have variable effects on their immune functions

Phylogenetic analysis of vertebrate CXC chemokines reveals novel lineage specific groups in teleost fish

“…The best characterised chemokines to date are CXCL8_L1, CXCL8_L2 and CXCL13 (van der Aa et al, 2010;Tian et al, 2010;Harun et al, 2008;Montero et al, 2008). Recombinant trout CXCL8_L1 produced in bacteria or transfected cells has been shown to enhance leucocyte migration in vitro and induce expression of other chemokines (Harun et al, 2008;Sanchez et al, 2007).…”

“…Some cytokines are also potent inducers of CXC chemokine expression, as seen with trout interferon gamma (IFN-c) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a that induce CXCL9-11 expression, which is clearly an IFN-c inducible protein (cIP) Chen et al, 2010;Zou et al, 2005). CXCL8_L1 and CXCL8_L2 have been produced as recombinant proteins and shown to primarily direct the migration of phagocytes and enhance their respiratory burst activity (RBA) (van der Aa et al, 2010;Harun et al, 2008;Montero et al, 2008). In contrast, recombinant carp CXCL9-11 (also called CXCb) has been shown to be chemoattractive for lymphocytes as well as phagocytes but does not prime RBA in the latter (van der Aa et al, 2010).…”

Cortisol modulates the induction of inflammatory gene expression in a rainbow trout macrophage cell line

“…It was also described as a proinflammatory cytokine in fish [49,50]. The CXC chemokine IL-8 is produced by numerous cell types and predominantly promotes the recruitment of neutrophils and other cell types, activity that was also demonstrated for trout rIL-8 [51,52].…”

Molecular characterization and expression profiles in response to bacterial infection of Chinese soft-shelled turtle interleukin-8 (IL-8), the first reptilian chemokine gene

“…injection site [30]. Recently, the rainbow trout rIL-8 was produced and demonstrated to be attractive to neutrophils [31] and monocyte-like cells [32]. In this study, the structure analysis reveals that the first reptilian IL-8 molecule is structurally a typical ELR + CXC chemokine, additionally, many neutrophils can be observed in the spleen and liver sections of infected turtles (figure not shown), which may be consistent with the chemotactic ability of mammalian IL-8 for neutrophils.…”