Intermediate chains of exopolysaccharides from<i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i>RW-9595M increase IL-10 production by macrophages

Bleau, Christian; Monges, A; Rashidan, K. K.; Laverdure, J.-P.; Lacroix, Monique; Calsteren, M. R. Van; Millette, Mathieu; Savard, Rémi; Lamontagne, Lucie

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04450.x

Cited by 96 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Recently, EPS-producing bacteria have received particular attention due to the presumptive implication of the polymers in the cross talk between bacteria and host (8)(9)(10)(11). However, there is limited information as to why only some specific EPS are able to interact with human cells (12)(13)(14). Previous results from our group, also supported by other literature data, have shown that some physicochemical characteristics of EPS could be correlated with their immune-modulating capability.…”

supporting

confidence: 78%

Insights into the Ropy Phenotype of the Exopolysaccharide-Producing Strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A1dOxR

Hidalgo-Cantabrana

Sánchez

Moine³

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bThe proteome of the ropy strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A1dOxR, compared to that of its nonropy isogenic strain, showed an overproduction of a protein involved in rhamnose biosynthesis. Results were confirmed by gene expression analysis, and this fact agreed with the high rhamnose content of the ropy exopolysaccharide.T he ability to synthesize an extracellular layer of carbohydrates, or exopolysaccharides (EPS), is a common trait in bacteria, such as those members of the microbiota inhabiting our gut (1, 2), including Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus (3-5). For instance, some strains of these human commensal genera are able to produce complex EPS under laboratory conditions. These polymers, built on repeating units of different monosaccharides, are also known as heteropolysaccharides (6, 7). Recently, EPS-producing bacteria have received particular attention due to the presumptive implication of the polymers in the cross talk between bacteria and host (8-11). However, there is limited information as to why only some specific EPS are able to interact with human cells (12)(13)(14). Previous results from our group, also supported by other literature data, have shown that some physicochemical characteristics of EPS could be correlated with their immune-modulating capability. Specifically, it seems that polymers with high molecular weights (HMWs) are able to act as suppressors of the immune response (15). Part of the results supporting this hypothesis were obtained with a model of three isogenic EPS-producing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis strains, A1, A1dOx, and A1dOxR, the last being able to synthesize an HMW EPS fraction with an immunosuppressive profile (13).This strain, A1dOxR, also named IPLA-R1, displays a characteristic "ropy" phenotype, denoted by the formation of a long filament when a loop is introduced into the colony. Interestingly, this ropy character was not observed in two related (isogenic) EPS-producing strains, A1 and A1dOx, which also lack the production of the HMW EPS fraction; in fact, it seems that all three strains synthesize a low-molecular-weight (LMW) EPS fraction (Table 1). Additionally, the monosaccharides building the EPS produced by the three strains are the same (glucose, galactose, and rhamnose), but they are present at different ratios (16). Furthermore, the LMW EPS from the two isogenic strains did not elicit a suppression of the immune response (13). Therefore, it seems that both the ability to suppress the immune response and the ropy phenotype in strain A1dOxR may be related to the synthesis of the HMW polymer. In this regard, it has been indicated that the ability of certain EPS-producing bacteria to confer ropiness to a fermented product is directly related to the molecular weight of its polymer. That is, ropy strains have EPS of high molecular weights, whereas nonropy strains produce polymers of smaller molecular weights (17, 18). In the current work, we have tried to gain insight into some molecular and physiological aspects of the occurrence of the ...

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confidence: 78%

Insights into the Ropy Phenotype of the Exopolysaccharide-Producing Strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A1dOxR

Hidalgo-Cantabrana

Sánchez

Moine³

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…They have been shown to exhibit significant in vitro antioxidant activities and immunomodulatory properties (49), inhibit the proliferation potential of human gastric cancer BGG-823 cells (50), show strong antitumor activities against Caco-2, BCG-823, and HT-28 cells (51), increase the IgA-positive cells in the intestine and the serum levels of IL-4, IL-10, and IFN-␥ (52,53), and ameliorate arthritis in active models of collagen-induced arthritis (54). The fact that in most studies that described the biological functions of PS (45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50)(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59) there was only a partial chemical characterization of these molecules renders it difficult to make general statements about the properties that PS possess, since the natures of PS molecules are highly diverse. It seems that immunomodulatory properties are both physical and chemical property dependent (43,48).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Immunomodulation of Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cell Responses to Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 by Two Different Polysaccharides Isolated from Lactobacillus rhamnosus LOCK 0900

Górska

Schwarzer

Jachymek

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bThe structures of polysaccharides (PS) isolated from Lactobacillus rhamnosus LOCK 0900 and results from stimulation of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DC) and human embryonal kidney (HEK293) cells stably transfected with Toll-like receptors (TLR) upon exposure to these antigens were studied. L. rhamnosus LOCK 0900 produces PS that differ greatly in their structure. The polymer L900/2, with a high average molecular mass of 830 kDa, is a branched heteropolysaccharide with a unique repeating unit consisting of seven sugar residues and pyruvic acid, whereas L900/3 has a low average molecular mass of 18 kDa and contains a pentasaccharide repeating unit and phosphorus. Furthermore, we found that both described PS neither induce cytokine production and maturation of mouse BM-DC nor induce signaling through TLR2/TLR4 receptors. However, they differ profoundly in their abilities to modulate the BM-DC immune response to the well-characterized human isolate Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1. Exposure to L900/2 enhanced interleukin-10 (IL-10) production induced by L. plantarum WCFS1, while in contrast, L900/3 enhanced the production of IL-12p70. We conclude that PS, probably due to their chemical features, are able to modulate the immune responses to third-party antigens. The ability to induce regulatory IL-10 by L900/2 opens up the possibility to use this PS in therapy of inflammatory conditions, such as inflammatory bowel disease, whereas L900/3 might be useful in reverting the antigen-dependent Th2-skewed immune responses in allergies.

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“…In concordance with these homeostatic effects, a study by Sengül et al (2006) demonstrated that EPS-producing bacteria were able to significantly attenuate the inflammation of an experimental colitis model, induced via intracolonic administration of acetic acid, in rats. Additionally, this is supported further by evidence at the cellular level, as murine macrophages challenged with various EPSs (isolated from strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria) demonstrate augmented release of both pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-a, IL-6 and IL-10 (Chabot et al, 2001;Bleau et al, 2010;Wu et al, 2010). The mitogenic activity of EPSs isolated from strains of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria is also well characterized, with studies showing the promotion of human, murine, porcine and bovine macrophage proliferation (Kitazawa et al, 1998;Chabot et al, 2001;Wu et al, 2010).…”

Section: Exopolysaccharidesmentioning

confidence: 70%

Exploring the immunomodulatory potential of microbial-associated molecular patterns derived from the enteric bacterial microbiota

Patten

Collett

2013

Microbiology

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The human intestinal lumen represents one of the most densely populated microbial niches in the biological world and, as a result, the intestinal innate immune system exists in a constant state of stimulation. A key component in the innate defence system is the intestinal epithelial layer, which acts not only as a physical barrier, but also as an immune sensor. The expression of pattern recognition receptors, such as Toll-like receptors, in epithelial cells allows innate recognition of a wide range of highly conserved bacterial moieties, termed microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), from both pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria. To date, studies of epithelial immunity have largely concentrated on inflammatory pathogenic antigens; however, this review discusses the major types of MAMPs likely to be produced by the enteric bacterial microbiota and, using data from in vitro studies, animal model systems and clinical observations, speculates on their immunomodulatory potential. IntroductionThe intestine represents the body's largest mucosal surface, with the adult human intestine estimated to cover an area of about 250 m 2 (Artis, 2008). The highly folded luminal surface of the intestinal wall significantly increases absorption efficiency and, as such, is the largest surface area of the body exposed to the environment and its high microbial load (DeSesso & Jacobson, 2001). Humans have co-evolved with indigenous microbial populations, termed microbiota, which inhabit various niches of the body (Hooper et al., 2012) and the adult intestine is one of the most densely populated microbial habitations in the biological world (Artis, 2008). The enteric microbiota predominantly consists of bacteria, with estimated populations of~10 14 bacteria, with up to 500 species represented (Gill et al., 2006;Guarner & Malagelada, 2003); however, methanogenic archaea, eukaryotes (yeasts) and viruses (mainly bacteriophages) are also present (Lozupone et al., 2012). Due to the vast expanse of intestinal tissue exposed to the microbiota, the local innate immune system is in a constant state of stimulation, and a chronic, low-level proinflammatory response is characteristic of enteric immune homeostasis (Macpherson & Harris, 2004;Artis, 2008).The intestinal epithelium plays an active role in innate immunity, and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are utilized to detect the presence of bacteria and their associated antigens. PRRs are germline-encoded, sensory molecules which recognize a range of highly conserved bacterial motifs, termed 'pathogen-associated molecular patterns' (PAMPs) (Medzhitov, 2001). However, the ability of PRRs to recognize these bacterial moieties is not limited to just pathogens, and so the term 'microbial-associated molecular patterns' (MAMPs) may be more accurate (Medzhitov, 2001; Sanderson & Walker, 2007) and will be used throughout this review. Epithelium-associated, enteric immune cells, such as macrophages, dendritic cells, T-cells and B-cells, differentially express two major groups of PRRs, th...

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Intermediate chains of exopolysaccharides fromLactobacillus rhamnosusRW-9595M increase IL-10 production by macrophages

Cited by 96 publications

References 34 publications

Insights into the Ropy Phenotype of the Exopolysaccharide-Producing Strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A1dOxR

Insights into the Ropy Phenotype of the Exopolysaccharide-Producing Strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis A1dOxR

Distinct Immunomodulation of Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cell Responses to Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 by Two Different Polysaccharides Isolated from Lactobacillus rhamnosus LOCK 0900

Exploring the immunomodulatory potential of microbial-associated molecular patterns derived from the enteric bacterial microbiota

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