Intermediate filaments in nervous tissues

Liem, Ronald K.H.; Yen, Shu Hui; Salomon, Gary D.; Shelanski, Michael L.

doi:10.1083/jcb.79.3.637

Cited by 485 publications

(214 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…At the time of this proposal, the composition of neurofilaments was unknown, and the triplet proteins had not been previously reported in the literature. Subsequent research proved that the triplet proteins are the subunits of neurofilaments (40,67) .…”

Section: Specific Predictions Of the Structural Hy-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Axonal transport of the cytoplasmic matrix.

Lasek¹,

Garner²,

Brady³

1984

The Journal of Cell Biology

284

155

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The cytoplasmic matrix is often highly specialized, making it possible to clearly relate particularaspects ofthe cytoplasmic matrix to the specialized functions of cells . For example, in striated muscle cells the contractile components of the cytoplasmic matrix dominate the cell structurally and functionally. Neurons are another example of cells in which specializations of structure and function can be clearly related to particular aspects of the cytoplasmic matrix (36, 37). The primary function of neurons is to convey information from one location in the organism to another. Pathways for information transfer in the nervous system are provided by specialized neuronal extensions, the axons and the dendrites . Axons, in particular, are specialized to convey information over very long distances, meters in some cases. Accordingly, in the axon the cytoplasmic matrix is specialized to generate and support the extremely elongate shape ofthe axon during development, regeneration, and maturity.To generate and maintain the great volume of cytoplasm within the axon, neurons must produce tremendous amounts of protein (32). Essentially all axonal proteins are synthesized in the neuron cell body and then conveyed into the axon by axonal transport, which provides a lifeline for the axon and its terminus (25,36). Axonal transport is a process that is initiated when the axon first develops and that continues throughout the life of the neuron. To meet the needs of large animals, which require long axons, axonal transport has become one of the most highly developed mechanisms for the intracellular transport of materials in metazoan cells .

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Section: Specific Predictions Of the Structural Hy-mentioning

confidence: 99%

Axonal transport of the cytoplasmic matrix.

Lasek¹,

Garner²,

Brady³

1984

The Journal of Cell Biology

284

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In large neurons neurofilaments are the most abundant cytoskeletal organelles, and have been postulated to act as important intrinsic determinants of axonal caliber (Hoffman et al, 1987). Neurofilaments in vertebrates are composed of three related proteins with apparent molecular weights of 68, 150, 200 kDa (NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H, respectively) (Hoffman and Lasek, 1975;Liem et al, 1978;Geisler et al, 1983;Willard and Simon, 1983;Hirokawa et al, 1984;Schlaepfer, 1987). All three ofthese proteins share a central rod domain, but they differ in their C-terminal regions.…”

Section: Regional Modulation Of Neurofilament Organization By Myelinamentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional modulation of neurofilament organization by myelination in normal axons

et al. 1994

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Previous studies in the hypomyelinating mouse mutant Trembler have suggested that demyelinating axons are smaller in caliber compared to normal axons, and that there are differences in the organization of axonal neurofilaments. In the normal PNS, however, the relationship between neurofilament organization and myelination has not been investigated extensively. In normal axons, only the initial segments, the nodes of Ranvier (approximately 1 micron), and the terminals are not covered by myelin. We took advantage of an unusual feature of the primary sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion, the relatively long nonmyelinated stem process (up to several hundred micrometers), to determine if the presence of myelination correlates with differences in cytoskeletal organization and neurofilament phosphorylation. Axonal caliber and neurofilament numbers were substantially greater in the myelinated internodes than in the stem process or nodes of Ranvier. Neurofilament spacing, assessed by measuring the nearest-neighbor neurofilament distance, was 25–50% less in the stem processes and nodes of Ranvier than in the myelinated internodes. In the myelinated internodes, neurofilaments had greater immunoreactivity for phosphorylated epitopes than those in the stem process. These findings indicate that interactions with Schwann cells modulate neurofilament phosphorylation within the ensheathed axonal segments, and that increased phosphorylation within myelinated internodes leads to greater interfilament spacing. Lastly, the myelinated internodes had three fold more neurofilaments, but the same number of microtubules. Both the increased neurofilament spacing and the increase in neurofilament numbers in myelinated internodes contribute to a greater axonal caliber in the myelinated internodes.

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“…Its components can be divided into 3 distinct classes: microfilaments, microtubules, and intermediate filaments. The neuronal cell intermediate filament or neurofilament is composed of 3 separate polypeptides of molecular weights 205, 160, and 70 kd (14,15). Studies indicating an increased incidence of antineurofilament antibodies (ANFA) in viral infections of the CNS (16) and in paraneoplastic neurologic disease (17,18), as well as recent work indicating an increased incidence of anticytoskeletal antibodies in connective tissue disease (19), have provided the primary focus of our study, which is to examine the occurrence and titer of ANFA in patients with NPSLE.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Antineurofilament antibody evaluation in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus

Robbins

Kornguth

Bell

et al. 1988

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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We used Western blot analysis to examine the Occurrence and titer of antibody to cytoskeletal neurofilament protein antigens in patients with neuropsychiatric manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in controls. Twenty-two patients with neuropsychiatric SLE (NPSLE) had an increased incidence of antineurofilament antibody (ANFA) compared with 34 patients with SLE without neuropsychiatric symptoms, 78 patients with other disease processes, and 22 healthy controls. ANFA were found to be directed against the 205,000-and 160,000-dalton proteins of the neurofilament triplet. Patients with a diffuse NPSLE clinical presentation had the greatest frequency of serum ANFA (7 of 12,58%) compared with all other groups examined.Magnetic resonance imaging and serum anticardiolipin antibody testing were also performed in selected patients

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Intermediate filaments in nervous tissues

Cited by 485 publications

References 15 publications

Axonal transport of the cytoplasmic matrix.

Axonal transport of the cytoplasmic matrix.

Regional modulation of neurofilament organization by myelination in normal axons

Antineurofilament antibody evaluation in neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus

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