Intermediate temperature fuel cells <i>via</i> an ion-pair coordinated polymer electrolyte

Lee, Kwan‐Soo; Maurya, Sandip; Kim, Yu Seung; Kreller, Cortney R.; Wilson, Mahlon S.; Larsen, Dennis; Elangovan, S.; Mukundan, Rangachary

doi:10.1039/c7ee03595k

Cited by 79 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Moreover, the low operating temperature of these devices makes heat and water management significant challenges. The development of “intermediate temperature” fuel cells that operate in the range 100–300 °C offers several potential advantages over low‐temperature cells, including the use of nonprecious metal electrocatalysts, simplification of heat and water management, and improved tolerance to fuel contaminants such as CO and SO 2 . The most common class of electrolyte membranes for fuel cells operating at >100 °C are H 3 PO 4 ‐doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membranes, with proton conductivities of about 0.1 S cm −1 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nature of Proton Shuttling in Protic Ionic Liquid Fuel Cells

Smith

Walsh

2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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It has been proposed previously that protic ionic liquids (PILs) such as diethylmethylammonium triflate could be used as the electrolytes in nonhumidified, intermediate temperature H2 fuel cells, potentially offering the prospect of high conductivity and performance, even under anhydrous conditions. In this contribution, a combination of electroanalytical chemistry and fuel‐cell polarization analyses is used to demonstrate for the first time that the pure PILs cannot support proton shuttling between the electrodes of fuel cells. Only through the inclusion of dissolved acidic or basic proton shuttles can viable protic ionic fuel cells be fabricated, which has major consequences for the use of these neoteric electrolytes in fuel cells.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Nature of Proton Shuttling in Protic Ionic Liquid Fuel Cells

Smith

Walsh

2019

Advanced Energy Materials

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“…PEMFCs constitute a promising alternative to fossil fuels as they generate water as a byproduct and use only hydrogen and oxygen as reactants ( Figure 1 ). According to their range of operating temperatures, PEMFCs can be classified into three main categories: (a) low temperature PEMFCs (LT-PEMFCs), which operate around 50–80 °C [ 19 ]; (b) intermediate temperature (IT-PEMFCs), which operate in the 80–120 °C range [ 20 , 21 , 22 ]; and (c) high temperature (HT-PEMFCs), which operate from 140 °C up to 200 °C [ 23 , 24 ], generally under anhydrous conditions. Among the numerous types of PEMs, membranes based on perfluorosulfonic acid polymers, such as Nafion ® ( Figure 2 ), have wide acceptance as they have been demonstrated to possess good conductivity as well as chemical and mechanical properties, have been used at temperatures below 90 °C, and have endured conditions of high relative humidity [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in the Development of Composite Membranes Based on Polybenzimidazole for High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Applications

et al. 2020

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The rapid increasing of the population in combination with the emergence of new energy-consuming technologies has risen worldwide total energy consumption towards unprecedent values. Furthermore, fossil fuel reserves are running out very quickly and the polluting greenhouse gases emitted during their utilization need to be reduced. In this scenario, a few alternative energy sources have been proposed and, among these, proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are promising. Recently, polybenzimidazole-based polymers, featuring high chemical and thermal stability, in combination with fillers that can regulate the proton mobility, have attracted tremendous attention for their roles as PEMs in fuel cells. Recent advances in composite membranes based on polybenzimidazole (PBI) for high temperature PEM fuel cell applications are summarized and highlighted in this review. In addition, the challenges, future trends, and prospects of composite membranes based on PBI for solid electrolytes are also discussed.

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“…When Sn 0.95 Al 0.05 P 2 O 7 was incorporated to the PBI matrix by the in situ reaction of SnO 2 and Al(OH) 3 with phosphoric acid at 250°C, the loading of SAPO particles reached up to 43.3%, while the SAPO membrane showed a high proton conductivity of 0.1 S cm -1 at 300°C [104]. Recently, an outstanding pyrophosphate composite membrane Sn 0.95 Al 0.05 P 2 O 7 (SAPO) has been fabricated by Lee et al [105] via the casting of SAPO and perfluorinated Nafion® ionomer mixture, while the membrane cells achieved the PPD of 840 mW cm -2 at 240°C in H 2 /O 2 . Besides the casting method, the inorganic membranes including SAPO and SnP 2 O 7 could be pressed into pellet with binders such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or sulfonated polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene/butylene)-b-polystyrene (sSEBS).…”

Section: Pbi/dihydrogen Phosphate Compositementioning

confidence: 99%

Advancement toward Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells at Elevated Temperatures

Zhang

Aili

et al. 2020

Research

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Elevation of operational temperatures of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) has been demonstrated with phosphoric acid-doped polybenzimidazole (PA/PBI) membranes. The technical perspective of the technology is simplified construction and operation with possible integration with, e.g., methanol reformers. Toward this target, significant efforts have been made to develop acid-base polymer membranes, inorganic proton conductors, and organic-inorganic composite materials. This report is devoted to updating the recent progress of the development particularly of acid-doped PBI, phosphate-based solid inorganic proton conductors, and their composite electrolytes. Long-term stability of PBI membranes has been well documented, however, at typical temperatures of 160°C. Inorganic proton-conducting materials, e.g., alkali metal dihydrogen phosphates, heteropolyacids, tetravalent metal pyrophosphates, and phosphosilicates, exhibit significant proton conductivity at temperatures of up to 300°C but have so far found limited applications in the form of thin films. Composite membranes of PBI and phosphates, particularly in situ formed phosphosilicates in the polymer matrix, showed exceptionally stable conductivity at temperatures well above 200°C. Fuel cell tests at up to 260°C are reported operational with good tolerance of up to 16% CO in hydrogen, fast kinetics for direct methanol oxidation, and feasibility of nonprecious metal catalysts. The prospect and future exploration of new proton conductors based on phosphate immobilization and fuel cell technologies at temperatures above 200°C are discussed.

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Intermediate temperature fuel cells via an ion-pair coordinated polymer electrolyte

Abstract: High performance of SnP2O7-based intermediate temperature fuel cells was obtained with a quaternary ammonium-biphosphate ion-pair coordinated polymer electrolyte.

Cited by 79 publications

References 48 publications

The Nature of Proton Shuttling in Protic Ionic Liquid Fuel Cells

The Nature of Proton Shuttling in Protic Ionic Liquid Fuel Cells

Recent Progress in the Development of Composite Membranes Based on Polybenzimidazole for High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel Cell Applications

Advancement toward Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells at Elevated Temperatures

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