Intermetallic alloys as hydrogen getters

Cuevas, Fermín; Latroche, M.

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2022.164173

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Hydrogen getters, or hydrogen scavengers, are a broad set of solid compounds that reversibly or irreversibly capture hydrogen. Depending on the specific application, each class of hydrogen getters may provide specific advantages or disadvantages. , For hydrogen storage applications, a reversible hydrogen getter such as an intermetallic alloy is usually employed to trap and then release the stored hydrogen later for the intended functionality. Activation in the form of heating to specific temperatures is required for trapping and releasing hydrogen in the intermetallic alloy getters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Uptake Kinetics of 1,4-Bis(phenylethynyl)benzene Rubberized O-Rings: Measurements, Modeling, and Comparison with Additional Forms of Organic Getters

et al. 2022

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A class of molecules called “hydrogen getters” can react with, or scavenge, H2 in applications where the hydrogen presence and/or buildup are not desirable. One such “getter”, 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene or DEB, can be incorporated into a silicone matrix in the form of an O-ring for added flexibility, environmental resiliency, and convenient use as a gasket in sealed applications. However, the performance and kinetics of this DEB-loaded rubberized O-ring have not yet been characterized. In this work, the hydrogen uptake kinetics of the rubberized DEB O-ring were extracted by the isoconversional analysis from isothermal isobaric data under conditions of 13,332 Pa H2 and 305–325 K. The isoconversional and cylindrical diffusion approximations were then used to predict and model the hydrogen uptake of rubberized DEB O-rings under any arbitrary condition, as illustrated in this work for the simple case of a constant rate of hydrogen generation/input. In comparison with other Pd/carbon-based/organic getter systems, these rubberized DEB O-rings provide a type of hydrogen getter material with enhanced flexibility and catalyst protection in applications where an O-ring seal is needed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogen Uptake Kinetics of 1,4-Bis(phenylethynyl)benzene Rubberized O-Rings: Measurements, Modeling, and Comparison with Additional Forms of Organic Getters

et al. 2022

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“…This is because ZrCo exhibits low pyrophoricity, low room-temperature equilibrium adsorption pressure, negligible volumetric expansion upon hydriding, and relatively a higher hydrogen storage capacity. [22,37,111,112] Additionally, ZrCo is nonnuclear, releases tritium at relatively low temperatures, and can trap 3 He generated by tritium decay. However, ZrCoH 3 is disproportionate into highly stable ZrH 2 and ZrCo 2 phases, which greatly attenuates the ZrCo hydrogen storage capacity and cycling stability after repeated re/dehydrogenations (Figure 4a).…”

Section: Zrco Tritidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To restrain or eliminate disproportionation, substituting elements such as Ti, [112][113][114][115] Mn, Cu, [116] Fe, [117] Ni, [118,119] Nb, [120] Sc, V, Mo, or Hf [10,121,122] in ZrCo alloys decreases the ZrCo lattice parameter and cell volume, which impedes ZrCo-H disproportionation, enhances hydrogen storage, and prolongs the material lifetime (Table S1, Supporting Information). [22,111,123] Among the examined substitution elements, Hf-and Ti-modified ZrCo alloys such as Zr 1−x Hf x Co and Zr 1−x Ti x Co are reportedly advantageous for handling tritium in the ITER.…”

Section: Zrco Tritidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Progress in Functional Nanomaterials towards the Storage, Separation, and Removal of Tritium

et al. 2023

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Tritium is a sustainable next‐generation prime fuel for generating nuclear energy through fusion reactions to fulfill the increasing global energy demand. Owing to the scarcity–high demand tradeoff, tritium must be bred inside a fusion reactor to ensure sustainability and must therefore be separated from its isotopes (protium and deuterium) in pure form, stored safely, and supplied on demand. Existing multistage isotope separation technologies exhibit low separation efficiency and require intensive energy inputs and large capital investments. Furthermore, tritium‐contaminated heavy water constitutes a major fraction of nuclear waste, and accidents like the one at Fukushima Daiichi leave behind thousands of tons of diluted tritiated water, whose removal is beneficial from an environmental point of view. In this review, we discuss the recent progress and main research trends in hydrogen isotope storage and separation by focusing on the use of metal hydride (e.g., intermetallic, and high‐entropy alloys), porous (e.g., zeolites and metal organic frameworks (MOFs)), and 2‐D layered (e.g., graphene, hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN), and MXenes) materials to separate and store tritium based on their diverse functionalities. Finally, the challenges and future directions for implementing tritium storage and separation are summarized in the reviewed materials.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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“…The 1:1 ratio of the ZrCo alloy has attracted great attention as a suitable hydrogen isotope storage material for clean energy technologies including the thermonuclear fusion reactor, which utilizes deuterium and tritium as reaction fuels. − The unique application of ZrCo lies in its high hydrogen isotope storage capacity, low absorption pressure, and low gas release temperature. − Compared to the conventional tritium storage material of uranium metal, whose application is heavily limited for its radioactive and pyrophoric nature, ZrCo can be more safely handled while exhibiting fast adsorption/desorption kinetics and long-term stability during its operating cycle. , On the other hand, despite the promising potential of ZrCo as a hydrogen isotope storage material, there are drawbacks that must be overcome to make it more engineering favorable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Density Functional Theory-Based Kinetic Modeling of Reactions of Hydrogen Isotopes (H₂, D₂, T₂) and Carbonaceous Gases (CO₂, CO, CH₄) on the ZrCo(110) Surface

Chen,

Tang

2024

J. Phys. Chem. C

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ZrCo and its alloys have attracted extensive attention as promising hydrogen isotope storage materials for nuclear fusion reactors. However, ZrCo can be readily poisoned by carbonaceous impurity gases like CO2 and CO introduced by input hydrogen isotopes or produced during the fusion reactor operation procedure. In this work, with density functional theory calculations and microkinetic modeling, the poisoning effects of CO2 and CO are identified by predominantly occupying active sites on the metal surface when reaching equilibrium. Surface reaction events related to CO2 are mostly molecular adsorption–desorption steps due to its strong binding strength. Dissociation of CO occurs readily even at room temperature, and the resident time length for the coverage of hydrogen being higher than other species is longer than CO2, indicating that the ZrCo alloy is more resistant to CO-poisoning compared to CO2. Interaction between CH4 and ZrCo is not active with the coexistence of hydrogen, making this impurity inert in deteriorating hydrogen storage performance. Hydrogen isotope effects are characterized by comparing reactions among H2 + CO2(CO), D2 + CO2(CO), and T2 + CO2(CO) mixing gases, with hydrogen resident time lengths decreasing from H2 to T2.

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Intermetallic alloys as hydrogen getters

Cited by 16 publications

References 86 publications

Hydrogen Uptake Kinetics of 1,4-Bis(phenylethynyl)benzene Rubberized O-Rings: Measurements, Modeling, and Comparison with Additional Forms of Organic Getters

Hydrogen Uptake Kinetics of 1,4-Bis(phenylethynyl)benzene Rubberized O-Rings: Measurements, Modeling, and Comparison with Additional Forms of Organic Getters

Recent Progress in Functional Nanomaterials towards the Storage, Separation, and Removal of Tritium

Density Functional Theory-Based Kinetic Modeling of Reactions of Hydrogen Isotopes (H₂, D₂, T₂) and Carbonaceous Gases (CO₂, CO, CH₄) on the ZrCo(110) Surface

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Intermetallic alloys as hydrogen getters

Cited by 16 publications

References 86 publications

Hydrogen Uptake Kinetics of 1,4-Bis(phenylethynyl)benzene Rubberized O-Rings: Measurements, Modeling, and Comparison with Additional Forms of Organic Getters

Hydrogen Uptake Kinetics of 1,4-Bis(phenylethynyl)benzene Rubberized O-Rings: Measurements, Modeling, and Comparison with Additional Forms of Organic Getters

Recent Progress in Functional Nanomaterials towards the Storage, Separation, and Removal of Tritium

Density Functional Theory-Based Kinetic Modeling of Reactions of Hydrogen Isotopes (H2, D2, T2) and Carbonaceous Gases (CO2, CO, CH4) on the ZrCo(110) Surface

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Product

Resources

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Density Functional Theory-Based Kinetic Modeling of Reactions of Hydrogen Isotopes (H₂, D₂, T₂) and Carbonaceous Gases (CO₂, CO, CH₄) on the ZrCo(110) Surface