Intermittent aeration affects the bioremediation potential of two red algae cultured in finfish effluent

Caines, Scott; Manríquez-Hernández, Juan A.; Duston, J.; Corey, Peter; Garbary, David J.

doi:10.1007/s10811-014-0247-0

Cited by 21 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Subsequent small-scale studies in halibut effluent on-site at Scotian Halibut Ltd. investigated appropriate stocking density for cultivation, though tank size was not representative of commercial application ). Yet another level of experimentation sought to decrease the operating costs of land-based seaweed cultivation by means of interrupted aeration (Caines et al 2014). …”

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confidence: 99%

Growth and nutrient uptake by Palmaria palmata integrated with Atlantic halibut in a land-based aquaculture system

Corey¹,

Kim²,

Duston³

et al. 2014

ALGAE

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Palmaria palmata was integrated with Atlantic halibut Hippoglossus hippoglossus on a commercial farm for one year starting in November, with a temperature range of 0.4 to 19.1°C. The seaweed was grown in nine plastic mesh cages (each 1.25 m 3 volume) suspended in a concrete sump tank (46 m 3 ) in each of three recirculating systems. Two tanks received effluent water from tanks stocked with halibut, and the third received ambient seawater serving as a control. Thalli were tumbled by continuous aeration, and held under a constant photoperiod of 16 : 8 (L : D). Palmaria stocking density was 2.95 kg m -3 initially, increasing to 9.85 kg m -3 after a year. Specific growth rate was highest from April to June (8.0 to 9.0°C), 1.1% d -1 in the halibut effluent and 0.8% d -1 in the control, but declined to zero or less than zero above 14°C. Total tissue nitrogen of Palmaria in effluent water was 4.2 to 4.4% DW from January to October, whereas tissue N in the control system declined to 3.0-3.6% DW from April to October. Tissue carbon was independent of seawater source at 39.9% DW. Estimated tank space required by Palmaria for 50% removal of the nitrogen excreted by 100 t of halibut during winter is about 29,000 to 38,000 m 2 , ten times the area required for halibut culture. Fifty percent removal of carbon from the same system requires 7,200 to 9,800 m 2 cultivation area. Integration of P. palmata with Atlantic halibut is feasible below 10°C, but is impractical during summer months due to disintegration of thalli associated with reproductive maturation.Key Words: bioremediation; IMTA; integrated multi-trophic aquaculture; nutrient removal; Palmaria INTRODUCTIONMany aquaculture businesses are intent not only on maximizing productivity and profitability, but also accomplishing this using environmentally responsible practices. Efficient use of energy (e.g., pumping of water) and natural resources (surrounding environment, ambient water supply, and waste streams) are key elements in this approach. Land-based recirculating aquaculture systems facilitate greater control over culture water and waste discharge than flow-through systems (Blancheton et al. 2009). Though the surrounding environment may be enhanced by moderate volumes of aquaculture discharge (White et al. 2011), the trend toward larger land-based facilities (e.g., 1,000 metric tons finfish production per year) and the associated effluent waste may pose a risk of local eutrophication. Alternatively, integration of seaweed and land-based marine finfish culture can convert these nutrients to a usable product. Previous investigations into land-based seaweed integration have included Gracilaria For this study, integration of Palmaria palmata and Atlantic halibut was established within a land-based recirculating aquaculture facility for one year to evaluate the growth and nutrient uptake characteristics of the seaweed in a commercial application. This study was essential to compare the bioremediation capacity of P. palmata under both lab and small-scale applied conditions...

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confidence: 99%

Growth and nutrient uptake by Palmaria palmata integrated with Atlantic halibut in a land-based aquaculture system

Corey¹,

Kim²,

Duston³

et al. 2014

ALGAE

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“…However, Caines et al . () showed that aeration can be stopped during the 8‐h dark phase without effects on growth or nutrient uptake, saving 30% to 50% of aeration electricity costs. Without ongoing movement, the P. palmata fronds will start to decay after a few days.…”

Section: Cultivation Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In particular in outdoor tanks, aeration for tumble culture is important as the fronds are exposed to high irradiances only for a short period (Werner & Dring 2011). However, Caines et al (2014) showed that aeration can be stopped during the 8-h dark phase without effects on growth or nutrient uptake, saving 30% to 50% of aeration electricity costs. Without ongoing movement, the P. palmata fronds will start to decay after a few days.…”

Section: Cultivation In Tanksmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent developments in aquaculture of Palmaria palmata (Linnaeus) (Weber & Mohr 1805): cultivation and uses

Grote

2017

Reviews in Aquaculture

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This review summarizes the recent literature on the biology, cultivation techniques and uses of the red seaweed Palmaria palmata ((Linnaeus) Weber & Mohr 1805). The paper covers its distribution, appearance and life cycle, the state of the art cultivation techniques for spore release and seeding, and the culture of meristematic fragments of fronds harvested from natural populations. Furthermore, culture conditions for P. palmata sporelings and gametophytes and set‐ups of tank and open sea culture are presented. For tank culture, relatively high irradiance and frequent seawater exchange to supply carbon dioxide and nutrients are the most important parameters. In open sea culture, site selection and system design play an important role. Land‐based culture has the advantage that optimum culture conditions can be applied and quality‐controlled, whereas nearshore cultivation is less costly and labour intensive. In addition, the bioremediation potential and the use of P. palmata in integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) are discussed. More research is needed to investigate bioremediation potential of different P. palmata strains. Recent developments in uses of P. palmata as food supplement, source of bioactive compounds, animal feed and compound for biofuels are presented. Finally, the possibilities of cultivation of P. palmata enhance the prospects for the expansion of the cultivation of this seaweed. However, future research is needed regarding balance of culture conditions, costs and biomass in land‐based tank culture and in terms of site selection, system design, maintenance and harvest techniques in sea cultivation to establish a commercialization of the aquaculture of this species in Europe.

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“…Previous studies found that the process of effluent water treatment using macroalgae can be optimized by adjusting physical factors (e.g., light, temperature, water motion), chemical factors (e.g., effluent nutrient concentration, salinity), and biological factors (e.g., individual diversity within a species, nutritional history of macroalgae, and growth stages of macroalgae) [7,14,[17][18][19][20][21]. Other studies reported that the efficiency in nutrient removal by macroalgae depends on such factors as stocking density, salinity, tank depth, water turnover, and biomass harvesting frequency [14,19,[21][22][23]. Of these, macroalgal density, salinity, and aeration can be controlled at farm levels depending on objectives of the aquaculture management [16,20,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our result (Table 4) indicates that the nutrient uptake might be positively affected by aerated medium in comparison to non-aerated medium. Caines et al [22] showed that an eight-hour period of continuous no aeration condition during the night had no effect on the growth or the uptake of NH 4…”

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Optimization of Macroalgal Density and Salinity for Nutrient Removal by Caulerpa lentillifera from Aquaculture Effluent

et al. 2019

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Determining the optimum levels of macroalgal density and salinity for removing aquaculture effluent has gained increasing research interest in recent years because of the growing concerns over environmental sustainability. Here, we determined the effects of macroalgal density and salinity on the uptake of NO2−, NO3−, NH3, and PO43− by Caulerpa lentillifera from the effluent of Poecilia latipinna using spectrophotometry. Laboratory experiments were conducted to measure nutrient uptake at five different macroalgal density levels (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 g/L) and three salinity levels (20, 30, and 40 ppt) with and without aeration. Quadratic regression analysis revealed significant nonlinear and linear effects of macroalgal density on the uptake of NO2−, NO3−, NH3, and PO43−, where the maximum uptake was predicted to occur at the macroalgal densities of 31.6, 33.3, 50.0, and 20.0 g/L, respectively. Likewise, the effects of salinity on the uptake of NO2−, NO3−, NH3, and PO43− were significant and nonlinear where the maximum uptake was predicted to occur at the salinity levels of 29.1, 30.7, 29.5, and 29.5 ppt, respectively. The result of the effects of aeration was mixed but somewhat indicated a positive effect on the nutrient uptake within the 24 h period. Our results could help aquaculturists to minimize the excessive nutrients by C. lentillifera from aquaculture effluent while achieving long-term sustainable aquaculture production.

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Intermittent aeration affects the bioremediation potential of two red algae cultured in finfish effluent

Cited by 21 publications

References 44 publications

Growth and nutrient uptake by Palmaria palmata integrated with Atlantic halibut in a land-based aquaculture system

Growth and nutrient uptake by Palmaria palmata integrated with Atlantic halibut in a land-based aquaculture system

Recent developments in aquaculture of Palmaria palmata (Linnaeus) (Weber & Mohr 1805): cultivation and uses

Optimization of Macroalgal Density and Salinity for Nutrient Removal by Caulerpa lentillifera from Aquaculture Effluent

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