Intermittent and Chronic Ultraviolet Light Exposure and Uveal Melanoma

Shah, Chirag P.; Weis, Ezekiel; Lajous, Martín; Shields, Jerry A.; Shields, Carol L.

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2005.04.020

Cited by 184 publications

(125 citation statements)

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“…As such, it is important to elucidate potentially modifiable causal factors for uveal melanoma, and make effective preventions. Epidemiologic studies have suggested ultraviolet exposure, cutaneous nevi, iris nevi, and several other host factors as risk factors of uveal melanoma (Shah et al, 2005;Weis et al, 2006;Weis et al, 2009). Besides, our meta-analysis further provides a new evidence suggesting occupational cooking as a risk factor of uveal melanoma.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Occupational Cooking and Risk of Uveal Melanoma: a Meta-analysis

Ge¹,

Nong²,

Lu³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Occupational Cooking and Risk of Uveal Melanoma: a Meta-analysis

Ge¹,

Nong²,

Lu³

et al. 2012

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…7 In that study of 48000 uveal melanomas, each millimeter increase in tumor thickness imparted a 1.06 hazard ratio. 5 Not surprisingly, class 2 GEP and monosomy 3 are more common in larger tumors.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 Uveal melanoma's propensity for lightly pigmented patients and the posterior part of the uveal tract suggests that UV light may have a role in its pathogenesis, but several studies in this regard are inconclusive. 5,6 Although retinoblastoma is the most common eye cancer on a worldwide basis, uveal melanoma is the most common ocular cancer in Europe and the United States, exceeding retinoblastoma by a factor of 6.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The pathology of ocular cancer

Eagle

2012

Eye

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“…The main arguments against the concept that sun exposure causes CMM are that: (i) CMM is more common among persons with indoor work than among those people with outdoor work (14, 15); (ii) in younger generations, more CMMs arise per unit skin area on partly shielded areas (trunk and legs) than on face and neck (16); and (iii) CMMs sometimes arise on totally shielded areas (acral CMM and uveal melanomas). Although the connection between these melanoma types and sun exposure is controversial (17)(18)(19), their inclusion in the present discussion is justified because of the possible involvement of vitamin D.However, in our opinion, a significant fraction of CMMs is related to sun exposure (16,20). The main arguments for this relationship are: (i) the north-south gradients in CMM incidence between Scandinavia and Australia (16), (ii) before the advent of the ''top-less'' fashion, few women developed CMM on the breast area (13, 16), and (iii) in some animals (Sinclair swine, Monodelphis domestica, the fish Xiphophorus, white horses, angora goats, transgenic mice, etc.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Addressing the health benefits and risks, involving vitamin D or skin cancer, of increased sun exposure

Moan

Porojnicu

Dahlback

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

206

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Solar radiation is the main cause of skin cancers. However, it also is a main source of vitamin D for humans. Because the optimal status of vitamin D protects against internal cancers and a number of other diseases, a controversy exists: Will increased sun exposure lead to net health benefits or risks? We calculated the relative yield of vitamin D photosynthesis as a function of latitude with a radiative transfer model and cylinder geometry for the human skin surface. The annual yield of vitamin D is 3.4 and 4.8 times larger below the equator than in the U.K. and Scandinavia, respectively. In populations with similar skin types, there are clear latitude gradients of all major forms of skin cancer, indicating a northsouth gradient in real sun exposure. Surprisingly, the incidence rates of major internal cancers also increase from north to south. However, the survival prognosis also improves significantly from north to south. Reasons for these findings are discussed in view of the role of vitamin D. In Norway, melanoma rates increased by a factor of 6 from 1960 to 1990, while the prognosis improved in the same period. After 1990, melanoma rates have remained constant or even decreased in age groups <50 years, whereas the prognosis has not improved further. These data, together with those for internal cancers and the beneficial effects of an optimal vitamin D status, indicate that increased sun exposure may lead to improved cancer prognosis and, possibly, give more positive than adverse health effects.body mass index ͉ cutaneous malignant melanoma ͉ squamous cell carcinoma ͉ ultraviolet radiation T here is a controversy as to whether increased sun exposure to Western populations would prolong or shorten lifetime expectancy, result in fewer or more cancer deaths, and, in general, lead to health benefits or risks (1, 2). For years, emphasis has been placed on the increasing time trends of incidence and mortality rates of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) (3, 4) and, in contrast, on the protective role of vitamin D regarding many types of internal cancer and other diseases (5-7). Too much sun exposure has been blamed for the high and increasing incidence rates of CMM. However, solar radiation is a major, if not the main, source of vitamin D in humans. Therefore, a population's increased sun exposure leads to improved vitamin D status. The observation that the incidence and mortality of several types of internal cancers decreases with decreasing latitude in the United States and other countries initiated the research on vitamin D-cancer relationships in the 1980s and 1990s. However, in some cases, there is an inverse gradient of the rates of internal cancer with latitude (1), with the rates being higher in regions with high annual UV fluences (New Zealand and Australia) than in countries with low annual UV fluences (Northern Europe, Scandinavia, and the U.K.), despite the fact that the populations of these regions are closely related genetically or, at least, have similar skin types, which is important for the photosy...

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Intermittent and Chronic Ultraviolet Light Exposure and Uveal Melanoma

Cited by 184 publications

References 46 publications

Occupational Cooking and Risk of Uveal Melanoma: a Meta-analysis

Occupational Cooking and Risk of Uveal Melanoma: a Meta-analysis

The pathology of ocular cancer

Addressing the health benefits and risks, involving vitamin D or skin cancer, of increased sun exposure

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