Intermittent Fasting on Neurologic Diseases: Potential Role of Gut Microbiota

Abstract

As the global population ages, the prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases is surging. These disorders have a multifaceted pathogenesis, entwined with genetic and environmental factors. Emerging research underscores the profound influence of diet on the development and progression of health conditions. Intermittent fasting (IF), a dietary pattern that is increasingly embraced and recommended, has demonstrated potential in improving neurophysiological functions and mitigating pathological injuries with few adverse effects. Although the precise mechanisms of IF’s beneficial impact are not yet completely understood, gut microbiota and their metabolites are believed to be pivotal in mediating these effects. This review endeavors to thoroughly examine current studies on the shifts in gut microbiota and metabolite profiles prompted by IF, and their possible consequences for neural health. It also highlights the significance of dietary strategies as a clinical consideration for those with neurological conditions.

Effect of Calorie Restriction and Intermittent Fasting Regimens on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels and Cognitive Function in Humans: A Systematic Review

“…Recently, IF has emerged as a multifaceted approach that influences long-chain fatty acid oxidation through the intricate interplay of gut microbiota changes and BDNF production [67][68][69]. This triad not only offers insights into the metabolic benefits of IF but also sheds light on the complex connections between the gut, the brain, and metabolic health.…”

The role of the “gut microbiota-mitochondria” crosstalk in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis

“…The beneficial effects of fasting and ketogenic diets have been demonstrated in several studies in mouse models of EAE by altering the gut microbiota of MS patients through dietary habits ( Bai et al, 2021 ; Brenton et al, 2022 ; Lin et al, 2023 ), These dietary interventions delayed the onset of the disease, reducing or even reversing its motor and cognitive symptoms ( Guo et al, 2023 ). Lin et al found that IF may exert neuroprotective effects on MS patients through several mechanisms, including (1) regulation of blood glucose levels and enhancement of insulin sensitivity; (2) inhibition of inflammatory responses; (3) autophagy activation; and (4) reduction of oxidative stress ( Lin et al, 2023 ).…”