Intermittent fasting reduces body fat but exacerbates hepatic insulin resistance in young rats regardless of high protein and fat diets

Park, Sunmin; Yoo, Kyung Min; Hyun, Joo Suk; Kang, Suna

doi:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.10.003

Cited by 42 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…HOMA is a mathematical calculation based on fasting insulinemia and glycaemia, proposed by David Matheus [53] as a simple and fast way to determine insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and the functional capacity of pancreatic β-cells (HOMA-BETA). Similar data were found in a study performed with male rats submitted to 5 weeks of IF and likewise in volunteers during 1 month of fasting, both showing increased plasma insulin and HOMA indexes [38,84].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Intermittent Fasting for Twelve Weeks Leads to Increases in Fat Mass and Hyperinsulinemia in Young Female Wistar Rats

et al. 2020

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Fasting is known to cause physiological changes in the endocrine pancreas, including decreased insulin secretion and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, there is no consensus about the long-term effects of intermittent fasting (IF), which can involve up to 24 hours of fasting interspersed with normal feeding days. In the present study, we analyzed the effects of alternate-day IF for 12 weeks in a developing and healthy organism. Female 30-day-old Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: control, with free access to standard rodent chow; and IF, subjected to 24-hour fasts intercalated with 24-hours of free access to the same chow. Alternate-day IF decreased weight gain and food intake. Surprisingly, IF also elevated plasma insulin concentrations, both at baseline and after glucose administration collected during oGTT. After 12 weeks of dietary intervention, pancreatic islets displayed increased ROS production and apoptosis. Despite their lower body weight, IF animals had increased fat reserves and decreased muscle mass. Taken together, these findings suggest that alternate-day IF promote β -cell dysfunction, especially in developing animals. More long-term research is necessary to define the best IF protocol to reduce side effects.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Intermittent Fasting for Twelve Weeks Leads to Increases in Fat Mass and Hyperinsulinemia in Young Female Wistar Rats

et al. 2020

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“…In another study of chronic intermittent fasting in both young and aged mice, an every other day fasting regimen prolonged lifespan, reduced left ventricular mass and attenuated ageing-induced cardiac hypertrophy, and improved glucose tolerance (240), but did not affect other metabolic parameters in young mice, pointing to an important interaction between age at which the intermittent fasting regimen was initiated and metabolic outcomes. An important note of caution is the observation for increased insulin resistance with every other day fasting regimens in young obese mice in our studies (119), which was mirrored by a trend towards increased circulating insulin levels in young mice (240) as well as evidence for increased hepatic insulin resistance in rats (157). These findings suggest that the duration of fasting may be a stress, and will need to be carefully titrated depending upon the species (as 24 hours of fasting in a mouse is perhaps equivalent to a much longer period of fast in humans given differences in lifespan).…”

Section: Benefits Of Intermittent Fasting In Animal Models On Cardiommentioning

confidence: 63%

Lysosomes Mediate Benefits of Intermittent Fasting in Cardiometabolic Disease: The Janitor Is the Undercover Boss

Mani

Javaheri

Diwan

2018

Comprehensive Physiology

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Adaptive responses that counter starvation have evolved over millennia to permit organismal survival, including changes at the level of individual organelles, cells, tissues, and organ systems. In the past century, a shift has occurred away from disease caused by insufficient nutrient supply toward overnutrition, leading to obesity and diabetes, atherosclerosis, and cardiometabolic disease. The burden of these diseases has spurred interest in fasting strategies that harness physiological responses to starvation, thus limiting tissue injury during metabolic stress. Insights gained from animal and human studies suggest that intermittent fasting and chronic caloric restriction extend lifespan, decrease risk factors for cardiometabolic and inflammatory disease, limit tissue injury during myocardial stress, and activate a cardioprotective metabolic program. Acute fasting activates autophagy, an intricately orchestrated lysosomal degradative process that sequesters cellular constituents for degradation, and is critical for cardiac homeostasis during fasting. Lysosomes are dynamic cellular organelles that function as incinerators to permit autophagy, as well as degradation of extracellular material internalized by endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis. The last decade has witnessed an explosion of knowledge that has shaped our understanding of lysosomes as central regulators of cellular metabolism and the fasting response. Intriguingly, lysosomes also store nutrients for release during starvation; and function as a nutrient sensing organelle to couple activation of mammalian target of rapamycin to nutrient availability. This article reviews the evidence for how the lysosome, in the guise of a janitor, may be the "undercover boss" directing cellular processes for beneficial effects of intermittent fasting and restoring homeostasis during feast and famine. © 2018 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 8:1639-1667, 2018.

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“…The notion that prolonged CR or IMF protocols contribute to eating pathologies, however, has not been supported by clinical studies [22,23]. Nonetheless, several rodent studies have indicated alterations in the neural and metabolic controls of body weight homeostasis with IMF or prolonged CR for weight loss [24][25][26][27]. One missing component to our understanding is the acute and long-term influence of calorie restricted dietary strategies on eating behaviors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meal pattern alterations associated with intermittent fasting for weight loss are normalized after high-fat diet re-feeding

Gotthardt

Bello

2017

Physiology & Behavior

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Alternate day, intermittent fasting (IMF) can be an effective weight loss strategy. However, the effects of IMF on eating behaviors are not well characterized. We investigated the acute and residual effects of IMF for weight loss on meal patterns in adult obese male C57BL/6 mice. After 8weeks of ad libitum high-fat diet to induce diet-induced obesity (DIO), mice were either continued on ad libitum high-fat diet (HFD) or placed on one of 5 diet strategies for weight loss: IMF of high-fat diet (IMF-HFD), pair-fed to IMF-HFD group (PF-HFD), ad libitum low-fat diet (LFD), IMF of low-fat diet (IMF-LFD), or pair-fed to IMF-LFD group (PF-LFD). After the 4-week diet period, all groups were refed the high-fat diet for 6weeks. By the end of the diet period, all 5 groups had lost weight compared with HFD group, but after 6weeks of HFD re-feeding all groups had similar body weights. On (Day 2) of the diet period, IMF-HFD had greater first meal size and faster eating rate compared with HFD. Also, first meal duration was greater in LFD and IMF-LFD compared with HFD. At the end of the diet period (Day 28), the intermittent fasting groups (IMF-HFD and IMF-LFD) had greater first meal sizes and faster first meal eating rate compared with their respective ad libitum fed groups on similar diets (HFD and LFD). Also, average meal duration was longer on Day 28 in the low-fat diet groups (LFD and IMF-LFD) compared with high-fat diet groups (HFD and IMF-HFD). After 6weeks of HFD re-feeding (Day 70), there were no differences in meal patterns in groups that had previously experienced intermittent fasting compared with ad libitum fed groups. These findings suggest that meal patterns are only transiently altered during alternate day intermittent fasting for weight loss in obese male mice.

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Intermittent fasting reduces body fat but exacerbates hepatic insulin resistance in young rats regardless of high protein and fat diets

Cited by 42 publications

References 32 publications

Intermittent Fasting for Twelve Weeks Leads to Increases in Fat Mass and Hyperinsulinemia in Young Female Wistar Rats

Intermittent Fasting for Twelve Weeks Leads to Increases in Fat Mass and Hyperinsulinemia in Young Female Wistar Rats

Lysosomes Mediate Benefits of Intermittent Fasting in Cardiometabolic Disease: The Janitor Is the Undercover Boss

Meal pattern alterations associated with intermittent fasting for weight loss are normalized after high-fat diet re-feeding

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