Intermittent Fasting versus Continuous Calorie Restriction: Which Is Better for Weight Loss?

Zhang, Qing; Zhang, Caishun; Wang, Haidan; Ma, Zhengye; Liu, Defeng; Guan, Xiaohan; Liu, Yixin; Fu, Yanwen; Cui, Mingxuan; Dong, Jing

doi:10.3390/nu14091781

Cited by 27 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another limitation is the need for more clarity in the timing of fasting, which allows unifying criteria for proper implementation and knowing which time spans can be more effective. [43] Future studies should consider physical activity as a variable; due to the relationship of the positive remodeling of the microbiota with exercise, it is pertinent to consider physical activity patterns or at least rule out the presence of a sedentary lifestyle in the study groups. This will contribute to understanding factors additional to IF that could be favoring the abundance and composition of the intestinal microbiota.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Intermittent Fasting on the Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review

et al. 2023

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Obesity often results in severe negative health consequences and represents a growing issue for global health. Reducing food intake is a crucial factor for weight loss. Intermittent fasting is a relatively new intervention that contributes to weight reduction. Considering the intimate relationship between obesity and inflammatory pathologies with gut microbiota alterations, a systematic review of the literature was herein conducted to elucidate the relationship between time‐restricted food intake and gut microbiota diversity in humans. Searches are carried out in three databases (PubMed, MedLine/OVID, and Academic Search Complete) between April 2019 and April 2022. Nine studies (all with longitudinal design) were identified as eligible by presenting data about the impact of intermittent fasting schemes on gut microbiota. At the phylum level, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes increase throughout follow‐ups, while 16 bacteria genera change their abundance in response to intermittent fasting. Finally, some genera associated with clinical predictors such as weight change, abdominal circumference, and metabolic variables were reported. Changes induced by fasting schemes positively impact the diversity and abundance of gut microbiota and the biomarkers described here. However, the changes previously reported have been studied in short periods and some return to their basal state after fasting intervention.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Intermittent Fasting on the Gut Microbiota: A Systematic Review

et al. 2023

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“…Intermittent fasting has been an attention-grabbing approach to successful weight reduction for obese adults in recent years. Previous studies have shown that intermittent fasting methods ( 5 – 7 ), time-restricted feeding ( 8 , 9 ), and caloric restriction ( 10 ) reduce body weight in obese patients. The mechanism may be associated with metabolic benefits ( 11 ), but more likely due to caloric restriction ( 12 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-restricted feeding’s effect on overweight and obese patients with chronic kidney disease stages 3-4: A prospective non-randomized control pilot study

Lao

Luo

et al. 2023

Front. Endocrinol.

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BackgroundTime-restricted feeding (TRF) has become a popular weight loss method in recent years. It is widely used in the nutritional treatment of normal obese people and obese people with chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and has shown many benefits. However, most TRF studies have excluded chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, resulting in a lack of sufficient evidence-based practice for the efficacy and safety of TRF therapy for CKD. Therefore, we explore the efficacy and safety of TRF in overweight and obese patients with moderate-to-severe stage CKD through this pilot study, and observe patient compliance to assess the feasibility of the therapy.MethodsThis is a prospective, non-randomized controlled short-term clinical trial. We recruited overweight and obese patients with CKD stages 3-4 from an outpatient clinic and assigned them to either a TRF group or a control diet (CD) group according to their preferences. Changes in renal function, other biochemical data, anthropometric parameters, gut microbiota, and adverse events were measured before the intervention and after 12 weeks.ResultsThe change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) before and after intervention in the TRF group (Δ = 3.1 ± 5.3 ml/min/1.73m2) showed significant improvement compared with the CD group (Δ = -0.8 ± 4.4 ml/min/1.73m2). Furthermore, the TRF group had a significant decrease in uric acid (Δ = -70.8 ± 124.2 μmol/L), but an increase in total protein (Δ = 1.7 ± 2.5 g/L), while the changes were inconsistent for inflammatory factors. In addition, the TRF group showed a significant decrease in body weight (Δ = -2.8 ± 2.9 kg) compared to the CD group, and body composition indicated the same decrease in body fat mass, fat free mass and body water. Additionally, TRF shifted the gut microbiota in a positive direction.ConclusionPreliminary studies suggest that overweight and obese patients with moderate-to-severe CKD with weight loss needs, and who were under strict medical supervision by healthcare professionals, performed TRF with good compliance. They did so without apparent adverse events, and showed efficacy in protecting renal function. These results may be due to changes in body composition and alterations in gut microbiota.

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“…17 A more recent meta-analysis of 11 studies (all randomized trials) including only overweight or obese adults identified a significantly greater weight reduction in the TRE with caloric restriction compared with caloric restriction alone. 6 Taken together, TRE may show promise in promoting weight loss but more studies are needed to separate the effect of calorie restriction from the timing of meals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mediterranean-type and Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension dietary patterns are consistent with these guidelines 3 . In addition, popular dietary patterns marketed to the public include low-carbohydrate (CHO), low-fat, moderate-macronutrient patterns and attention to meal timing 5,6 . In this “Progress in Prevention” column, we review the current evidence informed strategies to achieve a healthy body weight and improve cardiometabolic health through modification of dietary patterns and/or meal timing.…”

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confidence: 99%