Intermittent Hypoxia: Cause of or Therapy for Systemic Hypertension?

Serebrovskaya, Tatiana V.; Манухина, Е. Б.; Smith, Michael L.; Downey, H. Fred; Mallet, Robert T.

doi:10.3181/0710-mr-267

Cited by 151 publications

(138 citation statements)

References 207 publications

(234 reference statements)

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“…At the same time, it has been demonstrated that IHT may normalize blood pressure in hypertensive patients [123,124]. Moreover, it has been shown that systolic blood pressure is reduced after IHT, causing a hypotensive effect [43].…”

Section: Intermittent Hypoxic Training (Iht)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of combining intermittent hypoxia and physical exercise in the treatment of obesity

Urdampilleta¹,

González‐Muniesa

Portillo³

et al. 2011

J Physiol Biochem

104

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SummaryObesity is an important public health problem worldwide and is a major risk factor for a number of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, adverse cardiovascular events and metabolic syndrome related features. Different treatments have been applied to tackle body fat accumulation and its associated clinical manifestations. Often, relevant weight loss is achieved during the first six months under different dietary treatments. From this point, a plateau is reached, and a gradual recovery of the lost weight may occur.Therefore, new research approaches are being investigated to assure weight maintenance.Pioneering investigations have reported that oxygen variations in organic systems may produce changes in body composition. Possible applications of intermittent hypoxia to promote health and in various pathophysiological states have been reported.The hypoxic stimulus in addition to diet and exercise can be an interesting approach to lose weight, by inducing higher basal noradrenalin levels and other metabolic changes whose mechanisms are still unclear. Indeed, hypoxic situations increase the diameter of arterioles, produce peripheral vasodilatation and decrease arterial blood pressure. Furthermore, hypoxic training increases the activity of glycolytic enzymes, enhancing the number of mitochondria and glucose transporter GLUT-4 levels as well as improving insulin sensitivity. Moreover, hypoxia increases blood serotonin, decreases leptin levels while appetite is suppressed. These observations allow considering the hypothesis that intermittent hypoxia induces fat loss and may ameliorate cardiovascular health, which might be of interest for the treatment of obesity. This new strategy may be useful and practical for clinical applications in obese patients.Key Words: obesity, body weight loss, intermittent hypoxia, treatment. 1. Obesity: Prevalence, causes and complicationsObesity is an important public health problem in most countries [63], which is characterized by an excess of body fat, when amounting values higher than 20% in men and 30% in adult women [20,66].The World Health Organization (2009) warns that there are over 400 million obese adults, and that the situation will worsen in the future.The main etiological factors causing excess body weight for height are assigned to overeating and low physical activity, which lead to a positive energy balance, and result in a body fat increase [91]. Furthermore, there are other causes such as the genetic component, the distribution of energy intake throughout the day, the dietary composition of macronutrients, sleep rest, endocrine disruptions or the individual ability to oxidize energy substrates [26,70,93]. Thus, obesity is a chronic multifactorial disease resulting from the interaction between genotype, environment and physical activity patterns [14,91,95].Obesity is considered one of the major risk factors in the onset of associated chronic diseases, such as hypercholesterolemia, type II diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disorders and metabolic syndrome features [1...

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Section: Intermittent Hypoxic Training (Iht)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of combining intermittent hypoxia and physical exercise in the treatment of obesity

Urdampilleta¹,

González‐Muniesa

Portillo³

et al. 2011

J Physiol Biochem

104

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“…Repeated episodes of hypobaric hypoxia interspersed with normoxic periods [intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IH)] have long been used for training pilots, mountaineers, and athletes, and even applied for treatment and prevention of human diseases such as hypertension (Serebrovskaya et al, 2008), ischemic coronary artery diseases (Zhu et al, 2006), Parkinson's disease (Lin et al, 2002), and acute myeloid leukemia (Liu et al, 2006). Recently, it has been shown that hypoxia promoted neurogenesis in vitro (Shingo et al, 2001;Jin et al, 2002) and enhanced the proliferation of neuroprogenitor cells (NPCs) in vivo (Zhu et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent Hypoxia Promotes Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects in Adult Rats

Zhu¹,

Yan²,

Zhang³

et al. 2010

J. Neurosci.

199

137

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Increasing evidence indicates that stimulating hippocampal neurogenesis could provide novel avenues for the treatment of depression, and recent studies have shown that in vitro neurogenesis is enhanced by hypoxia. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential regulatory capacity of an intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IH) regimen on hippocampal neurogenesis and its possible antidepressant-like effect. Here, we show that IH promotes the proliferation of endogenous neuroprogenitors leading to more newborn neurons in hippocampus in adult rats. Importantly, IH produces antidepressant-like effects in multiple animal models screening for antidepressant activity, including the forced swimming test, chronic mild stress paradigm, and novelty-suppressed feeding test. Hippocampal x-ray irradiation blocked both the neurogenic and behavioral effects of IH, indicating that IH likely produces antidepressant-like effects via promoting neurogenesis in adult hippocampus. Furthermore, IH stably enhanced the expression of BDNF in hippocampus; both the antidepressantlike effect and the enhancement of cell proliferation induced by IH were totally blocked by pharmacological and biological inhibition of BDNF-TrkB (tyrosine receptor kinase B) signaling, suggesting that the neurogenic and antidepressant-like effects of IH may involve BDNF signaling. These observations might contribute to both a better understanding of physiological responses to IH and to developing IH as a novel therapeutic approach for depression.

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“…Moreover, studies reveal that augmented activity of the CB, induced by IH plays an important role in the pathogenesis of sleep apnea [13] in anesthetized rats and humans and emphasis is being made to understand its underlying mechanisms. Furthermore, the equilibrium between HIF1α and HIF2α, hampered by chronic IH leads to an imbalance between pro-oxidant and antioxidant enzymes respectively that causes oxidative stress resulting in pathophysiology [14][15][16] and has been implicated as a risk factor for an array of cardiovascular diseases [17] affecting humans.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in Carotid Body Morphology and Cellular Mechanism Under the Influence of Intermittent Hypoxia

2017

IJCRR

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Aims: Intermittent hypoxia (IH) training is said to have a preconditioning effect for evoking acclimatization at high altitude (HA). Carotid body (CB) plays a vital role in oxygen sensing and is an important component in HA acclimatization. The present study reports the mechanistic effects of IH that involves episodes of hypoxia of few hours continued for several days, on the CB responses to acute hypobaric hypoxia in terms of morphological changes in CB and its cellular functions.Methodology: 24 Sprague-Dawley (250-300g) rats were divided into 2 major groups: 1) control, 2) experimental group (n=12 each) in which the rats were exposed to IH training for 10 days with a single hypoxic episode of 4h/day at a simulated altitude of 15000ft. 6 rats from each group were further subjected to a simulated hypobaric acute hypoxic (AH) challenge of 1hr at 25000ft to see the effect of IH training (IHT) and were named as 3) Control+ AH challenge and 4) IHT+ AH challenge. Morphological changes in CB in different groups were observed along with expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) 1α, HIF2α, NADPH Oxidase 2 (NOX2) and Superoxide Dismutase 2 (SOD2) using immunohistochemistry for the first time. Results:The results showed that IH training leads to morphological changes in terms of hyperplasia and unaltered HIF1α levels along with a highly significant rise in HIF2α in CB. When the rats are exposed to AH without IH conditioning, there is a significant rise in HIF1α and thus NOX2 levels. However, prior exposure to IH leads to a significant rise in the HIF2α levels and thus SOD2 levels, when subjected to AH challenge. Discussion and Conclusion:These results indicate that IH training affects the cellular response of CB by regulating balanced expression of both HIF1α and HIF2α, thus modulating the cellular redox state by promoting the antioxidant enzyme production and suppressing the pro-oxidant enzyme levels, thereby playing a crucial role in pre-conditioning to acute hypoxia.

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Intermittent Hypoxia: Cause of or Therapy for Systemic Hypertension?

Cited by 151 publications

References 207 publications

Usefulness of combining intermittent hypoxia and physical exercise in the treatment of obesity

Usefulness of combining intermittent hypoxia and physical exercise in the treatment of obesity

Intermittent Hypoxia Promotes Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects in Adult Rats

Alterations in Carotid Body Morphology and Cellular Mechanism Under the Influence of Intermittent Hypoxia

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