Intermittent hypoxia training effectively protects against cognitive decline caused by acute hypoxia exposure

Abstract

Intermittent hypoxia training (IHT) is a promising approach that has been used to induce acclimatization to hypoxia and subsequently lower the risk of developing acute mountain sickness (AMS). However, the effects of IHT on cognitive and cerebrovascular function after acute hypoxia exposure have not been characterized. In the present study, we rst con rmed that the simpli ed IHT paradigm was effective at relieving AMS at 4300 m. Second, we found that IHT improved participants' cognitive and neural alterations when they were exposed to hypoxia. Speci cally, impaired working memory performance, decreased con ict control function, impaired cognitive control and aggravated mental fatigue induced by acute hypoxia exposure were signi cantly alleviated in the IHT group. Furthermore, a reversal of brain swelling induced by acute hypoxia exposure was visualized in the IHT group using magnetic resonance imaging. An increase in cerebral blood ow (CBF) was observed in multiple brain regions of the IHT group after hypoxia exposure as compared with the control group. Based on these ndings, the simpli ed IHT paradigm might facilitate hypoxia acclimatization, alleviate AMS symptoms, and increase CBF in multiple brain regions, thus ameliorating brain swelling and cognitive dysfunction.