Intermittent Operation of Water Distribution Networks Considering Equanimity and Justice Principles

Solgi, Mohammad; Bozorg‐Haddad, Omid; Seifollahi-Aghmiuni, Samaneh; Loáiciga, Hugo A.

doi:10.1061/(asce)ps.1949-1204.0000198

Cited by 25 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Many of the conditions of intermittency, like low prices, broad network distribution, and rationing, are intended to deliver water as broadly and inclusively as possible. Recent research has calculated optimized distribution schedules for intermittent supply in an effort to support equanimity and justice [16,104]. However, studies have shown that poor communities within such systems shoulder many additional coping expenses, many of which are not visible to system operators [94,127].…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent Domestic Water Supply: A Critical Review and Analysis of Causal-Consequential Pathways

Galaitsi

Russell

Bishara

et al. 2016

Water

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Communities in many parts of the world, especially in developing countries, face obstacles in supplying continuous water to household consumers. Authorities often cite water scarcity as the cause, but we demonstrate that environmental constraints constitute only one aspect of a multi-dimensional problem. By asking what causes intermittent domestic water supply, this literature review (129 articles) identifies 47 conditions of intermittent systems and the causal-consequential pathways between them that can reinforce intermittency. These pathways span several disciplines including engineering, government administration and anthropology, and when viewed together they (1) emphasize the human drivers of intermittency; (2) suggest generalized interventions; and (3) reveal a gap in the literature in terms of meaningful categorizations of the reliability of intermittent supplies. Based on the reliability of consumers' water access, we propose three categories of intermittency-predictable, irregular, and unreliable-to facilitate comparisons between case studies and transfers of solutions.

show abstract

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intermittent Domestic Water Supply: A Critical Review and Analysis of Causal-Consequential Pathways

Galaitsi

Russell

Bishara

et al. 2016

Water

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In an intermittently supplied system, the hydraulic conditions associated with consumer behavior and strategic decisions result in inequitable water allocation [19,29,30,[64][65][66][67].…”

Section: Social and Political Problems Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These problems lead water utilities to question the relevance of installing meters for this type of supply, but their absence generates other complications such as the obligation to introduce flat-rate or roughly evaluated billing [63], and the difficulty of estimating network performance. In an intermittently supplied system, the hydraulic conditions associated with consumer behavior and strategic decisions result in inequitable water allocation [19,29,30,[64][65][66][67].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Building a Methodology for Assessing Service Quality under Intermittent Domestic Water Supply

Mokssit

Gouvello

Chazerain

et al. 2018

Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This document proposes a methodology for assessing the quality of water distribution service in the context of intermittent supply, based on a comparison of joint results from literature reviews and feedback from drinking water operators who had managed these networks, with standards for defining the quality of drinking water service. The paper begins by reviewing and proposing an analysis of the definition and characterization of intermittent water supply (IWS), highlighting some important findings. The diversity of approaches used to address the issue and the difficulty of defining a precise and detailed history of water supply in the affected systems broadens the spectrum of intermittency characterization and the problems it raises. The underlined results are then used to structure an evaluation framework for the water service and to develop improvement paths defined in the intermittent networks. The resulting framework highlights the means available to water stakeholders to assess their operational and management performance in achieving the improvement objectives defined by the environmental and socio-economic contexts in which the network operates. Practical examples of intermittent system management are collected from water system operators and presented for illustration purposes (Jeddah, Algiers, Port-au-Prince, Amman, Cartagena, Barranquilla, Mexico, Cancun, Saltillo, Mumbai, Delhi, Coimbatore . . .).

show abstract

“…Since their introduction in the 19th century, the health benefits of CWS have been well recognized [ 3 ]. Studies continue to demonstrate that IWS deliver water less equitably and are more likely to recontaminate the finished water than CWS [ 4 , 5 ]. Yet 41% of piped water systems in lower and middle-income countries operate intermittently [ 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analytical scaling relations to evaluate leakage and intrusion in intermittent water supply systems

2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Intermittent water supplies (IWS) deliver piped water to one billion people; this water is often microbially contaminated. Contaminants that accumulate while IWS are depressurized are flushed into customers’ homes when these systems become pressurized. In addition, during the steady-state phase of IWS, contaminants from higher-pressure sources (e.g., sewers) may continue to intrude where pipe pressure is low. To guide the operation and improvement of IWS, this paper proposes an analytic model relating supply pressure, supply duration, leakage, and the volume of intruded, potentially-contaminated, fluids present during flushing and steady-state. The proposed model suggests that increasing the supply duration may improve water quality during the flushing phase, but decrease the subsequent steady-state water quality. As such, regulators and academics should take more care in reporting if water quality samples are taken during flushing or steady-state operational conditions. Pipe leakage increases with increased supply pressure and/or duration. We propose using an equivalent orifice area (EOA) to quantify pipe quality. This provides a more stable metric for regulators and utilities tracking pipe repairs. Finally, we show that the volume of intruded fluid decreases in proportion to reductions in EOA. The proposed relationships are applied to self-reported performance indicators for IWS serving 108 million people described in the IBNET database and in the Benchmarking and Data Book of Water Utilities in India. This application shows that current high-pressure, continuous water supply targets will require extensive EOA reductions. For example, in order to achieve national targets, utilities in India will need to reduce their EOA by a median of at least 90%.

show abstract

Intermittent Operation of Water Distribution Networks Considering Equanimity and Justice Principles

Cited by 25 publications

References 31 publications

Intermittent Domestic Water Supply: A Critical Review and Analysis of Causal-Consequential Pathways

Intermittent Domestic Water Supply: A Critical Review and Analysis of Causal-Consequential Pathways

Building a Methodology for Assessing Service Quality under Intermittent Domestic Water Supply

Analytical scaling relations to evaluate leakage and intrusion in intermittent water supply systems

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About