“…The efficiency of anaerobic digestion can be greatly enhanced by using physical and/or chemical pretreatment processes improving the rate of hydrolysis steps (Braguglia et al, 2012;Cesaro and Belgiorno, 2013;. Recently, waste activated sludge (WAS) pretreatments like thermal, alkaline, ultrasonic, and ozone oxidation methods have been applied to improve hydrolysis and anaerobic digestion performance, and a range of acceptable results have been reported to date (Braguglia et al, 2012;Muz et al, 2014;Salsabil et al, 2010;Naddeo et al,2014). The term "ultrasonic" is generally taken to mean that the "frequency" of the wave is greater than the upper limit of human hearing (usually taken to be 20 kHz) (Erden et al, 2010).…”