Intermittent stress in pigs: Effects on behavior, pituitary — Adrenocortical axis, growth, and gastric ulceration

Jensen, Karin Hjelholt; Pedersen, Lene Juul; Nielsen, Eskild Keller; Heller, Knud Erik; Ladewig, Jan; Jørgensen, Erik

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(95)02159-0

Cited by 59 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…It is well known that the basal cortisol alone is not always a reliable marker of chronic stress (Friend et al, 1985;Jensen et al, 1996;Mormè de et al, 2007). On the basis of the cortisol results, it can be concluded that movement restriction is not an additional stress factor for the experimental animals, compared to the control animals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

No apparent effect of an experimental narrow confinement on heart activity and cortisol in domestic pigs

Jaskulke

Manteuffel

2011

Animal

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The effects of continuing spatial restraint were examined in domestic pigs. For this purpose, the animals (German Landrace barrows) were housed individually in metabolic cages (12 animals) and, as controls, in single pens (six animals). In six replications with two experimental animals and one control animal, we collected saliva each morning (0730 h) for the cortisol analysis, recorded the behaviour and the heart beat for 3 h/day (0800 to 0900 h, 1100 to 1200 h, 1400 to 1500 h). Each replication consisted of 5 days of habituation to single housing and 8 experimental days during which the experimental animals lived continuously in the metabolic cages. Weight gain, cortisol, heart rate and heart rate variability were not significantly affected by experimental narrow confinement that only had a significant influence on the behaviours, locomotion and sitting. In conclusion, the experimental animals adapted very fast and did not show physiological indications of chronic stress. However, the absence of apparent stress does not exclude other, subtler, welfare impairments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

No apparent effect of an experimental narrow confinement on heart activity and cortisol in domestic pigs

Jaskulke

Manteuffel

2011

Animal

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“…In our trial the alteration in the feeding pattern resulted in a loss of weight gain, but although the effect was observed in the whole experimental period (74 to 116 days of age), analysis by sub-periods of 2 weeks, showed that the differences in ADG where due to the two first experimental sub-periods, suggesting that the stress was reduced once the animals got used to the new conditions. Previous works have shown that pig response to repeated stress diminishes with time as the animal adapts to the new situation (Jensen et al, 1996;Schrader and Ladewig, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pig acute-phase protein levels after stress induced by changes in the pattern of food administration

Piñeiro¹,

Piñeiro²,

Morales³

et al. 2007

Animal

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A total of 240 pigs, 74 days old, half boars and half females, were included in a trial designed to assess the effect of the stress caused by changes in the pattern of food administration on the concentration of acute phase proteins (APP) and productive performance parameters. Half of the animals (pigs fed ad libitum, AL group) had free access to feed, while the rest were fed following a disorderly pattern (DIS group), in which animals had alternating periods of free access to feed and periods of no feeding, when food was removed from the feeder. The periods of free access to feed (two daily periods of 2-h duration) were randomly assigned, and varied from day to day. Total feed supplied per day was identical in both groups, and exceeded the minimal amount required for animals of these ages. Pen feed intake, individual body weights and the main positive pig APP pig major acute phase protein (Pig-MAP), haptoglobin, serum amyloid A (SAA), C-reactive protein (CRP), and the negative APP apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) and transtherytin were determined every 2 weeks during the period 76 to 116 days of age. Animals fed ad libitum had better average daily gain (ADG) than DIS animals in the whole experimental period ( P , 0.01) but the differences in ADG were only produced in the two first experimental sub-periods (60 to 74 and 74 to 116 days of age), suggesting that the stress diminished when the animals get used to the DIS feeding. Interestingly differences in ADG between DIS and AL pigs were due to males, whereas no differences were observed between females. The same differences observed for ADG were found for APP. DIS males had higher Pig-MAP concentration than AL males at 74 and 116 days of age, lower ApoA-I concentration at 74 days of age and higher haptoglobin and CRP concentration at 116 days of age ( P , 0.05). The results obtained in this trial show an inverse relationship between weight gain and APP levels, and suggest that APP may be biomarkers for the evaluation of distress and welfare in pigs.

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“…Surprisingly, E pigs had a significantly higher baseline cortisol concentration than P pigs, whereas previous studies showed that welfare is improved in E pigs (2,6,29). However, as suggested previously (18,27,32), the assessment of stress should not be based on baseline cortisol measurements only. In addition, a prolonged cortisol increase in response to stressors, increased adrenal weight, and the performance of abnormal or injurious behavior are indicative of chronic stress (13,17,28,32).…”

Section: Physiologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of strawbedding on physiological responses to stressors and behavior in growing pigs

Jong

Ekkel²,

Burgwal³

et al. 1998

Physiology & Behavior

133

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Intermittent stress in pigs: Effects on behavior, pituitary — Adrenocortical axis, growth, and gastric ulceration

Cited by 59 publications

References 32 publications

No apparent effect of an experimental narrow confinement on heart activity and cortisol in domestic pigs

No apparent effect of an experimental narrow confinement on heart activity and cortisol in domestic pigs

Pig acute-phase protein levels after stress induced by changes in the pattern of food administration

Effects of strawbedding on physiological responses to stressors and behavior in growing pigs

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