Intermittent Therapy with 1,25 Vitamin D and Calcitonin Prevents Cyclosporin-Induced Alveolar Bone Loss in Rats

Abstract

Bone loss associated with cyclosporin A (CsA) therapy can result in serious morbidity to patients. Intermittent administration of 1,25 Vitamin D and calcitonin reduces osteopenia in a murine model of postmenopausal osteoporosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of this therapeutic approach on CsA-induced alveolar bone loss in rats. Forty male Wistar rats were allocated to four experimental groups according to the treatment received during 8 weeks: (1) CsA (10 mg/kg/day, s.c.); (2) 1,25 Vitamin D (2 microg/kg, p.o.; in weeks 1, 3, 5, and 7) plus calcitonin (2 microg/kg, i.p.; in weeks 2, 4, 6, and 8); (3) CsA concurrently with intermittent 1,25 Vitamin D and calcitonin administration; and (4) the control treatment group (vehicle). At the end of the 8-week treatment period, serum concentrations of bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP-5b), osteocalcin, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) were measured and an analysis of bone volume, bone surface, number of osteoblasts, and osteoclasts was performed. CsA administration resulted in significant alveolar bone resorption, as assessed by a lower bone volume and an increased number of osteoclasts, and increased serum bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, TRAP-5b, IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha concentrations. The intermittent administration of calcitriol and calcitonin prevented the CsA-induced osteopenic changes and the increased serum concentrations of TRAP-5b and inflammatory cytokines. Intermittent calcitriol/calcitonin therapy prevents CsA-induced alveolar bone loss in rats and normalizes the production of associated inflammatory mediators.

Therapeutic Effects of Systemic Vitamin K2 and Vitamin D3 on Gingival Inflammation and Alveolar Bone in Rats With Experimentally Induced Periodontitis

“…A limited number of animal studies on the effects of vitamin administration on periodontal parameters and alveolar bone resorption are available 13,37,38 . Hidekazu et al 37 investigated the effects of vitamin K2 on periodontitis.…”

“…Spolidorio et al 13 investigated the effects of calcitonin and vitamin D administration on serum parameters and alveolar bone in rats with cyclosporine‐induced alveolar bone loss. It was reported that vitamin D and calcitonin reduced osteopenic changes, and the levels of TRAP‐5b and inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β, tumor necrosis factor [TNF]‐α, and IL‐6) induced by cyclosporine.…”

“…Vitamin supplementation was initiated when the animals woke from anesthesia after the SRP procedure. Calcitriol †† was prepared daily in corn oil (vehicle) ‡‡ at a concentration of 2 μg/mL 13 . Animals in groups D and DK were given 2 μg/kg vitamin D3 by oral gavage once a day for 10 days.…”

“…Its serum concentration is related with bone resorption 11,12 . It has been shown that, in rats with cyclosporine‐induced alveolar bone loss, serum TRAP‐5b levels were higher than those of healthy controls 13 …”

Impact of dietary vitamin D on osseointegration in the ovariectomized rat

“…However, there are data supporting this assumption, for example, 1,25 vitamin D prevents cyclosporin‐induced alveolar bone loss in rats (Spolidorio et al. ), and in subjects receiving periodontal maintenance therapy, there was a trend for better periodontal health with vitamin D supplementation (Miley et al. ).…”