Intermittent viral shedding in respiratory samples of patients with SARS-CoV-2: observational analysis with infection control implications

Al-Jishi, Jumana M.; Al‐Tawfiq, Jaffar A.

doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2020.09.011

Cited by 23 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Another study showed that more than one month lapsed prior to achieving PCR negativity in asymptomatic patients [ 53 ]. It is also important to acknowledge the phenomena of intermittent positivity as detected by RT-PCR as reported in previous studies [ 13 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…All patients who were diagnosed at that time were required by the Saudi Ministry of Health to be hospitalized including those who were asymptomatic [ 7 ]. The diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 SARS-CoV-2 infection was based on a positive real-time reverse-transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) assay of SARS-CoV-2 based on nasal and pharyngeal swab specimens as described previously [ 13 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinical characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

Al-Jishi¹,

Alhajjaj²,

Alkhabbaz³

et al. 2021

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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Background The first case of COVID-19 infection in Saudi Arabia was reported in Qatif on March 2nd, 2020. Here, we describe the clinical characteristics of the initial COVID-19 patients in that area. Methods This is an observational study describing the clinical presentation, radiographic and laboratory data of COVID-19 cases. Results From March 1st, 2020 to April 5th, 2020 we identified a total of 82 adult COVID-19 patients. The median age of the patients was 50 years, with a range of 30 to 60 years and most of patients were female 54 (65.9%). Of all the patients, 29 (35.4%) were contacts and 43 (52.4%) were returning travelers, mainly from Iraq (65% of the total returning travelers). Comorbidities were present in 50% of patients, G6PD deficiency in 33%, hypertension in 27%, and diabetes mellitus in 26%. Chest radiographs were abnormal in 46% of symptomatic and 15.5% of asymptomatic patients (P value = 0.0035). Of all patients, 4 (4.87%) required intensive care admission. There was no significant difference in time to negative RT-PCR with mean days to negativity of 13.6 and 16.9 for asymptomatic and symptomatic group, respectively (P value = 0.42). Conclusions In the initial Epicenter of the COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia, the majority of the patients were asymptomatic and were returning travelers. Comorbidities were present in nearly half of the patients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

Al-Jishi¹,

Alhajjaj²,

Alkhabbaz³

et al. 2021

Journal of Infection and Public Health

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“…Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus causing CoronaVirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) infection at a pandemic scale and with rapid spread and was first detected in Wuhan city, China in December 2019 ( AlJishi and Al-Tawfiq, 2020 , Drosten et al, 2015 ). COVID-19 has a wide clinical spectrum from an asymptomatic or mild infection in most cases to a severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) ( Al-Tawfiq, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors in the early months of the pandemic in Saudi Arabia

Banjar¹,

Al‐Tawfiq²,

Alruwaily³

et al. 2021

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Background: Serologic testing provides better understanding of SARS-CoV-2 prevalence and its transmission. This study was an investigation of the prevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors in Saudi Arabia. Objective: To estimate the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among blood donors in Saudi Arabia during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Serology results and epidemiological data were analyzed for 837 adult blood donors, with no confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, in Saudi Arabia from 20th to 25th May 2020. Seroprevalence was determined using electrochemical immunoassay to detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Results: The overall seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was 1.4% (12/837). Non-citizens had higher seroprevalence compared with citizens (OR 13.6, p = 0.001). Secondary education was significantly associated with higher seroprevalence compared with higher education (OR 6.8, p = 0.005). The data showed that the highest seroprevalence was in Makkah (8.1%). Uisng Makkah seroprevalence as the reference, the seroprevalence in other areas was: Madinah 4.1% (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.12À1.94), Jeddah 2.3% (OR 0.27, 95% CI 0.31À2.25), and Qassim 2.9 % (OR 0.34, 95% CI 0.04À2.89) and these were not statistically different from seroprevalence in the Makkah region. Conclusions: At the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia, the seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors was low, but was higher among non-citizens. These findings may indicate that non-citizens and less educated individuals may be less attentive to preventive measures. Monitoring seroprevalence trends over time require repeated sampling.

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“…We collected demographics, underlying conditions, presenting symptoms and clinical outcome from the patients’ medical records. Nasopharyngeal swabs were tested for the presence of MERS-CoV upE and orf1a [ 24 , 25 ] and for SARS-CoV-2 E and S genes using the RealStar® SARS-CoV-2 real-time Reverse Transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) as described previously [ 6 , 23 , 26 ]. The study was approved by the IRB of the Central IRB of Ministry of Health (Log No: 20-80E).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) coinfection: A unique case series

Elhazmi

Al‐Tawfiq

Sallam

et al. 2021

Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease

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Introduction The emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coroanvirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had raised possibilities of coinfection with the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in countries were these two viruses were reported. In this study, we describe the clinical presentation and demographics of eight patients who were coinfected with SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV. Materials and Methods This is a case series of hospitalized patients admitted to Saudi intensive care units (ICUs). We collected demographics, underlying conditions, presenting symptoms and clinical outcome from the patients’ medical records. Results During the study period from March 14, 2020 to October 19, 2020, there was a total of 67 SARS-CoV-2 ICU admitted patients who underwent simultaneous SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV testing. Of those patients, 8 (12%) tested positive for both SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV. There were 6 (75%) males, the mean age + SD was 44.4 + 11.8 years, and 7 (87.5%) were obese. Of the patients, 7 (87.5%) were non-smokers, 1 (12.5%) had diabetes mellitus, 1 (12.5%) had heart failure, and 1 (12.5%) had been on anti-platelet therapy. The mean hospital length of stay (LOS) was 21.1 + 11.6 days and the average ICU LOS was 10.9 + 6.03 days. All patients received supportive therapy and all were treated with corticosteroid. Of all the patients, 4 (50%) were discharged home and 3 (37.5%) died. Conclusion This case series is an important addition to the medical knowledge as it showed the interaction of the coinfection of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV.

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Intermittent viral shedding in respiratory samples of patients with SARS-CoV-2: observational analysis with infection control implications

Cited by 23 publications

References 10 publications

Clinical characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

Clinical characteristics of asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 patients in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

Seroprevalence of antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 among blood donors in the early months of the pandemic in Saudi Arabia

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) coinfection: A unique case series

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