Controlling the formation
of the desired product in the appropriate
crystalline form is the fundamental breakthrough of crystal engineering.
On that basis, the preferential formation between polymorphic forms,
which are referred to as different assemblies achieved by changing
the disposition or arrangement of the forming units within the crystalline
structure, is one of the most challenging topics still to be understood.
Herein, we have observed the formation of two concomitant polymorphs
with general formula {[Hg(Pip)
2
(4,4′-bipy)]·DMF}
n
(
P1A, P1B
; Pip = piperonylic acid;
4,4′-bipy = 4,4′-bipyridine). Besides, [Hg(Pip)
2
(4,4′-bipy)]
n
(
2
) has been achieved during the attempts to isolate these polymorphs.
The selective synthesis of
P1A
and
P1B
has
been successfully achieved by changing the synthetic conditions. The
formation of each polymorphic form has been ensured by unit cell measurements
and decomposition temperature. The elucidation of their crystal structure
revealed
P1A
and
P1B
as polymorphs, which
originates from the Hg(II) cores and intermolecular associations,
especially pinpointed by Hg···π and π···π
interactions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations suggest
that
P1B
, which shows Hg(II) geometries that are further
from ideality, is more stable than
P1A
by 13 kJ·mol
–1
per [Hg(Pip)
2
(4,4′-bipy)]·DMF
formula unit, and this larger stability of
P1B
arises
mainly from metal···π and π···π
interactions between chains. As a result, these structural modifications
lead to significant variations of their solid-state photoluminescence.