Internal antiplasticisation in highly crosslinked amine cured multifunctional epoxy resins

Ramsdale-Capper, Roderick; Foreman, Joel P.

doi:10.1016/j.polymer.2018.05.048

Cited by 54 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…More specifically, the 133 BABB cured network has the highest modulus, followed by the 144 BABB and then 134 BABB, which has a similar value to the 44 DDS shown in Figure A. The meta substituted 133 BABB displays the highest modulus due to the combined effect of anti‐plasticization, supplementary reinforcement, and an expected increased equilibrium packing density. As expected, increased para substitution reduced modulus, although the lower 134 BABB compared to 144 BABB was not expected.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Another noticeable difference between the thermograms for both the BisF and BisA epoxy resins is that the width of the exothermic curing peaks becomes narrower with increasing para substitution from 133 BABB to 144 BABB. While the reasons for this are not fully understood, it may reflect the formation of a less homogenous network arising from the presence of cis and trans conformers in the 133 BABB and 134 BABB amines, not available to the 144 BABB.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More recent studies have focused upon improving the intrinsic toughness or distortional response to deformation of the epoxy amine network using flexible comonomers or controlling local mobility of the network rather than using additives . Ramsdale‐Capper and Foreman explored the impact of local molecular mobility as determined by the γ and β relaxations of the network on macroscopic properties, simply by altering the aromatic substitution from meta to para on the epoxy or amine. Fracture toughness was observed to be higher for a meta substituted amine, which was attributed to an internal anti‐plasticization effect and a lack of phenylene rotations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of tri‐aryl ketone amine isomers and their cure with epoxy resins

Reyes

Dao

Vogel

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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Isomeric tri‐aryl ketone amines, 1,3‐bis(3‐aminobenzoyl)benzene (133 BABB), 1,3‐bis(4‐aminobenzoyl)benzene (134 BABB), and 1,4‐bis(4‐aminobenzoyl)benzene (144 BABB) are synthesized and cured with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F in this work. Differential scanning calorimetry and near‐infrared spectroscopy reveal higher rate constants and enhanced secondary amine conversion with increasing para substitution attributed to resonance effects and the electron withdrawing nature of the carbonyl linkages. Glass transition temperatures increase from 133 BABB to 134 BABB, but decrease modestly for the 144 BABB hardener. With increasing para substitution, the flexural modulus and strength both decrease while the strain to failure increases but all BABB amines displaying higher mechanical properties than the corresponding 4,4‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone (44 DDS) networks. The thermal stability of the BABB networks is found to be modestly lower than 44 DDS, but char yields are significantly higher. Changes in thermal and mechanical properties are described in terms of molecular structure and equilibrium packing density.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of tri‐aryl ketone amine isomers and their cure with epoxy resins

Reyes

Dao

Vogel

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Unfortunately, this is exacerbated for high‐performance applications, where higher strength, modulus, and glass transition temperatures necessitate even more highly crosslinked networks. Indeed, this need continues to drive the search for new resin systems and monomer with improved performance and better composite materials …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, this need continues to drive the search for new resin systems and monomer with improved performance and better composite materials. [10][11][12][13] The benchmark epoxy resin for high-performance composites today is the tetrafunctional epoxy resin, tetraglycidyl diamino diphenyl methane (TGDDM) that produces network polymers with superior mechanical and thermal properties but unfortunately is very brittle.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of aromatic substitution on the cure reaction and network properties of anhydride cured triphenyl ether tetraglycidyl epoxy resins

Varley

Dao

Nguyen

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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A systemic study of the impact of aromatic substitution on the reaction rate and network properties of the isomers of a tetraglycidylaniline triphenyl ether epoxy resin cured with anhydride hardeners is presented here. The epoxy resins synthesized in this work were based upon N,N,N,N‐tetraglycidyl bis(aminophenoxy)benzene (TGAPB), where the glycidyl aniline and ether groups change from being all meta (133 TGAPB), to meta and para (134 TGAPB), and finally to an all para substituted epoxy resin (144 TGAPB). Increasing para substitution increased reaction rate, promoted the onset of vitrification and increased epoxide conversion. Thermal properties such as glass transition temperatures (Tg) and coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) both increased consistently with increasing para substitution, although thermal stability as measured via thermogravimetric analysis decreased. Mechanical properties also varied systematically with flexural strength and ductility increasing with increased para substitution, while the modulus decreased. Indeed, the ductility almost doubled, as measured by the work of fracture and displacement at failure highlighting the importance of substitution on properties.

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Micromechanical Properties

Šlouf

Henning

2022

Encyclopedia of Polymer Science and Technology

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The term micromechanical properties of polymers (or micromechanics of polymers) represents quite a broad topic, which comprises three principal areas: the measurement of micromechanical properties, the interpretation of micromechanical behavior, and the imaging of microstructure changes during deformation and fracture. Our contribution covers all three aspects of micromechanics in Polymer science. The first part focuses on the measurement of micromechanical properties by indentation methods, which dominate in the field of micromechanical properties measurement; the other micromechanical characterization methods are just mentioned briefly. The second part deals with the interpretation of micromechanical behavior, that is, with the correlations among molecular structure, supermolecular structure (morphology), micromechanical properties, and macromechanical properties of polymers. The third part describes imaging of microscopic processes during deformation and fracture or, in other words, how the deformation of polymer materials influences their morphology and vice versa.

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Internal antiplasticisation in highly crosslinked amine cured multifunctional epoxy resins

Cited by 54 publications

References 38 publications

Synthesis of tri‐aryl ketone amine isomers and their cure with epoxy resins

Synthesis of tri‐aryl ketone amine isomers and their cure with epoxy resins

Effect of aromatic substitution on the cure reaction and network properties of anhydride cured triphenyl ether tetraglycidyl epoxy resins

Micromechanical Properties

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